The course covers the philosophical and ethical foundations of scientific work, and the basics of conducting scientific research, from writing a research proposal, designing research projects, to the collection, interpretation and oral and written presentation of scientific data. Lectures will deal with the philosophy and ethics of science, the scientific method and experimental design, including the difference between experiments and other research methods, hypothesis formation, pilot studies, replication, pseudoreplication, randomization, accuracy, and precision. Experimental design will also be related to common statistical methods. Emphasis is mainly on research in aquatic biology and aquaculture, but will reflect the research interests of students enrolled each time. The students read, present and criticize papers from the published scientific literature. The students will also conduct assignments related to (i) the philosophy and/or ethics of science, (ii) experimental design and procedures and (iii) statistical methods. The students will also hand in written exercises related to research proposal and/or a scientific paper, aimed at improving their scientific writing skills.

The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

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The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

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Participation in a relevant conference, in consultation with the student's supervisor.

Participation in a relevant conference, in consultation with the student's supervisor.

The course covers the philosophical and ethical foundations of scientific work, and the basics of conducting scientific research, from writing a research proposal, designing research projects, to the collection, interpretation and oral and written presentation of scientific data. Lectures will deal with the philosophy and ethics of science, the scientific method and experimental design, including the difference between experiments and other research methods, hypothesis formation, pilot studies, replication, pseudoreplication, randomization, accuracy, and precision. Experimental design will also be related to common statistical methods. Emphasis is mainly on research in aquatic biology and aquaculture, but will reflect the research interests of students enrolled each time. The students read, present and criticize papers from the published scientific literature. The students will also conduct assignments related to (i) the philosophy and/or ethics of science, (ii) experimental design and procedures and (iii) statistical methods. The students will also hand in written exercises related to research proposal and/or a scientific paper, aimed at improving their scientific writing skills.

The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

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The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

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Participation in a relevant conference, in consultation with the student's supervisor.

Participation in a relevant conference, in consultation with the student's supervisor.

The course covers the philosophical and ethical foundations of scientific work, and the basics of conducting scientific research, from writing a research proposal, designing research projects, to the collection, interpretation and oral and written presentation of scientific data. Lectures will deal with the philosophy and ethics of science, the scientific method and experimental design, including the difference between experiments and other research methods, hypothesis formation, pilot studies, replication, pseudoreplication, randomization, accuracy, and precision. Experimental design will also be related to common statistical methods. Emphasis is mainly on research in aquatic biology and aquaculture, but will reflect the research interests of students enrolled each time. The students read, present and criticize papers from the published scientific literature. The students will also conduct assignments related to (i) the philosophy and/or ethics of science, (ii) experimental design and procedures and (iii) statistical methods. The students will also hand in written exercises related to research proposal and/or a scientific paper, aimed at improving their scientific writing skills.

The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

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The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

The student selects the subject matter of the final project in consultation with the supervisor. The student must formulate research questions, choose appropriate and recognized research methods for data collection, and analyze the data. The student must ensure that they have obtained the necessary permission to conduct the research. They need to present the results systematically and clearly, interpret them, discuss them in debates, and draw conclusions. The student gains training in scientific writing by composing a thesis that includes an introduction (background section), content and methods, results, discussions, and conclusions. The student submits the work and defends it in a closed lecture for the examination board. If the student is given the opportunity to improve and revise the project after the defense, they deliver an open lecture and answer questions from the audience.

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Participation in a relevant conference, in consultation with the student's supervisor.

Participation in a relevant conference, in consultation with the student's supervisor.