Pharmaceutical sciences is a versatile field that integrates diverse disciplines such as organic chemistry, biology and biochemistry to understand how we can develope new drugs that can improve current therapies or be first in line as a treatment. Thus, studies on their physicochemical properties, their formulation into suitable drug and their action inside the human body is needed. In this course we aim to provide the overview of this field in a comprehensive way. This course is aimed towards students with no background in pharmacy/pharmaceutical sciences.

Seminars in the Faculty of Pharmacy Weekly seminars where students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 30 minute lecture and 15 minutes of discussion. For each presentation a student discussant is selected beforehand. The discussant receives background material a week in advance and leads the discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

The course is an electronic course organised by Copenhagen University in collaboration with University of Iceland. The course is the responsibility of Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Biomedical Center, the Food and Veterinary Authority and ArcticLAS.

Aim and content:

Entrance requirements are postgraduate studies towards a MSc or PhD degree in life sciences and basic knowledge in physiology and anatomy, and preferably etology and/or pharmacology.

This course is intended only for persons who work independently with laboratory animals. The practical exercises require participants to work with live animals, which should be in the strictest accordance to animal welfare legislation.

The course gives a practical and theoretic introduction to handling, housing and using laboratory animals and how to replace, refine and reduce the use of live animals for research.

The course is run electronically by Copenhagen University and is a function A/B/D course according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2 (previously designated category C), accredited by the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA).

Due to the practical exercises, maximum number of participants is 15, in 5 person groups. The course concludes by oral exam online, conducted by the course organisers at Copenhagen University.

To qualify for the FELASA A/B/D licence, the participant both must pass the practical exercises and the exam.  The licence entitles the holder to independently plan, implement and take responsibility for the design and performance of animal experimentation within the European Union according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2

The course adheres to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU and the more detailed learning outcomes described by EU's expert working group in 'A working document on the development of a common education and training framework to fulfil the requirements under the Directive' (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pdf/Endorsed_E-T.pdf)

The theoretical part will be given as access to an online portal with the theory given as online lectures, videos and quizzes, with the possibility of online discussion with teachers on regular occasions during online webinars. Lectures on Icelandic legislation regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes are given by the Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority in one of the University of Iceland’s lecture rooms.

The practical teaching will be given at ArcticLAS, Krókhálsi 5d, 110 Reykjavík.

Students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 15 minute lecture and 5 minutes of discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

.

The course is an electronic course organised by Copenhagen University in collaboration with University of Iceland. The course is the responsibility of Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Biomedical Center, the Food and Veterinary Authority and ArcticLAS.

Aim and content:

Entrance requirements are postgraduate studies towards a MSc or PhD degree in life sciences and basic knowledge in physiology and anatomy, and preferably etology and/or pharmacology.

This course is intended only for persons who work independently with laboratory animals. The practical exercises require participants to work with live animals, which should be in the strictest accordance to animal welfare legislation.

The course gives a practical and theoretic introduction to handling, housing and using laboratory animals and how to replace, refine and reduce the use of live animals for research.

The course is run electronically by Copenhagen University and is a function A/B/D course according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2 (previously designated category C), accredited by the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA).

Due to the practical exercises, maximum number of participants is 15, in 5 person groups. The course concludes by oral exam online, conducted by the course organisers at Copenhagen University.

To qualify for the FELASA A/B/D licence, the participant both must pass the practical exercises and the exam.  The licence entitles the holder to independently plan, implement and take responsibility for the design and performance of animal experimentation within the European Union according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2

The course adheres to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU and the more detailed learning outcomes described by EU's expert working group in 'A working document on the development of a common education and training framework to fulfil the requirements under the Directive' (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pdf/Endorsed_E-T.pdf)

The theoretical part will be given as access to an online portal with the theory given as online lectures, videos and quizzes, with the possibility of online discussion with teachers on regular occasions during online webinars. Lectures on Icelandic legislation regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes are given by the Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority in one of the University of Iceland’s lecture rooms.

The practical teaching will be given at ArcticLAS, Krókhálsi 5d, 110 Reykjavík.

Seminars in the Faculty of Pharmacy Weekly seminars where students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 30 minute lecture and 15 minutes of discussion. For each presentation a student discussant is selected beforehand. The discussant receives background material a week in advance and leads the discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

Students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 15 minute lecture and 5 minutes of discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

The aim of this course is to provide an understanding of fundamental concepts in development and production of biotechnological based drugs (biologics). The production process for biologics manufactured via mammalian cell lines will be covered as well as the required analytical methods for their characterization. The following types of biologics will be covered: Antibodies (traditional and monoclonal), peptide-based drugs and protein-based drugs. The concept of quality by design (QbD) will be explained in addition to good manufacturing practice (GMP) that is required for biologis marketed within the EU/EEA (EU GMP Annex 2). Safety and toxicological profiles of biologics will also be discussed. Lastly, new methods releated to therapeutical applications of biologics will be discussed, including gene therapy and nuclotides. This course is based on a cooperation with experts within the biotechnology industry in Iceland.

Students will be familiar with laboratory safety such as chemical safety, how to handle chemical spills and chemical accidents and first aid. Practical training will occur in one of the laboratories and it will end with a fire extinguishing training. 

The course is always in the beginning of the semester, before other courses start.

This course is a prerequisite for all laboratory work, so it is important to participate in this course. 

The course covers the most commonly used herbal remedies/natural products with the aim of enhancing communication skills of students in conveying reliable information to consumers and other health-care professionals. Aspects covered include constituents claimed benefits, scientific research on efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, contraindications. Quality control. Laws, executive orders on herbal remedies.

This course is taught as four independent modules, that the student should choose from based on their prior education and training and to best meet everyone´s educational goals. Successful completion of each module is awarded with 2 ECTS credits. M.Sc. student should at minimum choose three (6 ECTS) and Ph.D. students should at a minimum choose two modules (4 ECTS), and one of the modules chosen needs to be either module number 2 or 3.  The student is responsible to notify the course administrator about how many credits they intend to take and what modules before registration ends. Each module contains 3-4 lectures and a project.The modules are:

1. Article reading and data presentation
   1. How to read a paper and present your data
   2. Reference search and management (computer lab session)
   3. The scientific method
   4. ASSIGNMENT - Mini conference. Students will present their research project or paper (7 min)

2. Introduction to the scientific method

   1. Research ethics
   2. The philosophy of science
   3. Dishonesty in Science
   4. Quantitative & Qualitative Methods
   5. ASSIGNMENT – online project

3. Grant application, data collection and quality management
   1. Data handling and safety
   2. Permission applications/Research animals
   3. Quality management
   4. Grant applications
   5. ASSIGNMENT – preparation of grant application

4. Graduate student’s toolbox. This module is taught with the Center for graduate studies at their location in Setberg. This module is targeted towards graduate students (M.Sc./Ph.D.). The objective of the module is teaching graduate students transferable skills that can be applied to both academic research and research-oriented jobs
   1. Time Management
   2. Managing the Graduate Student - Advisor relationship
   3. Academic English
   4. Academic CV workshop
   5. ASSIGNMENT – Students write an academic CV in English.

The course is an introductory course in project management. It introduces key concepts of project management and covers context and selection of projects, project planning, project monitoring, management of project teams, and project closure. Students create and execute project plans in groups. Special emphasis is on using of project management for managing technological innovation in organizations.

This course is an introduction to statistics in the life sciences. The course covers the following topics. Types of data: categorical data, count data, data on continuous variables. Descriptive statistics; numerical statistics and statistical graphs. Probability distributions, the binomial distribution, the Poisson distribution and the normal distribution. The definitions of a random sample and of a population. Sampling distributions. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Comparison of means between groups. Statistical tests for frequency tables. Linear and logistic regression with ROC analysis. Survival analysis with the methods of Kaplan-Meier and Cox. The course is based on lectures and practical sessions in computer labs. In the practical sessions exercises are solved with the statistical software package R and the RStudio environment.

Generation of carbanions and their reactions, such as alkylation of enolates, C vs. O alkylation, aldol condensation and acylation of carbons. Decarboxylation and formation of double bonds will also be covered, along with organometallic chemistry. General and specific laboratory techniques of synthesis and analysis and the use of databases (Scifinder). Spectroscopic identification of all compounds. 75% of homework must be turned in in order to be allowed to take the exam.

The course will introduce different aspects of drug chemistry and drug development. Lectures: Drug receptors, activity assays, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), computer assisted drug design, designing and defining compound libraries, ADMET properties and some drug development examples. A project will also be included in this course.

The project is to set up a Wikipeida page on subject matter linked to Drug Design.

The aim of the course is to discuss the main types of formulations and different delivery routes. Preformulation designs and pharmacodynamic elements such as diffuse systems, rheology, fluid purification, filtration and drug excipients (preservatives, antioxidants, flavorings, and dyes) will be considered. Students will learn about solutions, emulsions, dispersions, suppositories, respiratory drugs, transdermal formulations, ophthalmic formulations, their composition and the requirements according to European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur). In addition, different methods of sterilizing drugs and pharmaceutical packaging of parenteral formulations will be discussed, as well as detailed tablet pressing and capsule production. Students will be taught how the production of tablets takes place. Factors such as particle size and particle properties, effects of blending, selection of excipients and tablet coating will be taught. In addition, quality control of table production and requirements set out by Ph.Eur for tablet production will also be reviewed. Patent applications for medicines and pharmaceutical formulations will be discussed.

During this course, students will learn about the quality and regulatory requirements that drugs need to fulfill before entering the market and the importance that these requirements are rigorously followed. The outline of the European pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur) will be explained as well as the role of the pharmacopeia in the quality control of pharmaceutics. The concepts within good manufacturing practice (GMP) as defined within the Europe Union (EU) will be defined and their role within pharmaceutical manufacturing explained. Students will also learn about the different procedures for the approval of new drugs within the EU and their composition. The importance of pharmacovigilance will also be explained. This course will also encompass the role of ISO standards, good distribution practice and medical devices. This course is based on lectures as well as  team-based learning assignments in-class that will help students to further expand their understanding of the course material in addition to a visit to a pharmaceutical company

The objective of the course is to provide students with insight into the use of specialized pharmaceutical analytical methods. Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry is used for the identification and quantification of active substances and metabolites in pharmaceuticals and biological samples. These methods include titrations, spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, IR, AAS, AES), liquid chromatographic methods (TLC, HPLC, UPLC), electrophoretic methods (CE), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS).

Chromatographic methods used for drug testing will be presented. Analytical methods used for isolation and drug identification, as well as methods used for quantitative drug analysis. Spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography (LC) in visible and ultraviolet light.Zero, first, second and third order reactions. Effect of temperature and pH on reaction. Effects of salts, solubilizes and surfactants on chemical reactions. Hydro- and lipophilicity. Flow of drugs through organic membranes.Practical exercises: Separation and quantification of HPLC, determination of pKa values, hydrolysis, phase distribution and diffusion through organic membrane.Reports: Each student / group submits reports from each exercise.Requirements: A student should be able to calculate linear regression and perform simple statistical data processing with software (such as excel).

The aim of the course is to provide good understanding of various analytical technique and analytical methods, both physicochemical and bioassays, used for research and development, release and stability studies of biological medicines. Qualification and validation of analytical methods. Furthermore, how to set quality target product profile, perform critical quality attribute assessment and critical risk ranking.

The course is a practical course with weekly supportive lectures.  The lectures provide heroretical background of the instrumental methods and the instruments. The supportive lectures are part of lab exercises and attendance is compulsory.

The students learn about modern methods and instruments used in analytical chemistry based on interaction between chemical- and physical properties of the substances and the electromagnetic field. Chromatographic methods used to separate mixtures into single pure compounds will be introduced.  The focus of the course is the analysis of organic compounds.

Laboratory work: Fluorimetry, atomic absorption, spectrophotometry and applications of IR, UV and visible and NMR spectroscopy. Gas- and liquid (HPLC) chromatography. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

The course emphasizes scientific literacy and dives into research articles in specialized fields of cell biology. Students gain insight into diverse research that reflects advancements and methodologies in the field. The course topics vary according to current focuses and innovations.

In each session, the instructor selects up to three recent research articles for students to read in advance, and presents their content in an organized lecture.

Students present a specific topic within cell biology by reading one review article and one research article. They submit both a written analysis where the topic is critically examined and justified, and also present it orally, emphasizing key points and scientific context.

To introduce stem cell research to graduate students in the biomedical sciences, provide an overview of how stem cells can be applied for therapeutic use and to advance our understanding of tissue architecture and disease progression.

In this course we will discuss different stem cell systems and dissect the current knowledge of how these cells maintain self-renewal and/or proceed to differentiation. During the course students will gain insight into both embryonic and somatic stem cell research including hematopoietic, mesenchymal and various epithelial stem cell populations. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic importance of various stem cells and discuss the link between stem cells and diseases such as cancer.

In each lecture one principal investigator (PI) will introduce a particular aspect of the stem cell field (35 min.). Afterwards, one student will present a research article related to that field and discuss how that particular study was conducted. In their presentations, the students need to: 1) Introduce the background of the research article and the history of the concept being investigated. The key here is to understand the reason for why the work was done and why it is important. 2) Describe the aim of the study and the experimental design (methods and material). 3) Discuss the major results/findings (figures and tables). 4) Summarize the context of the work and discuss major conclusions made by the authors. Present your own view, what is good and what is bad in the experimental design and results. Finally discuss future experiments that need to be or should be conducted. After the presentation all students will participate in active discussion. In addition to this, the students must select a couple of articles on a stem cell topic of their immediate interest and write a short report in english (4-6 pages). At the end of the course a seminar is scheduled where each student presents his/her report in short talk (7-10 min.).

The course will cover the biological basis of the development of cancer and its characteristics. Each topic will be reviewed first in a lecture and then discussed on the basis of a recent original research paper. Each will be introduced by one student and then discussed by the group. The papers will be distributed at the beginning of the course.

Topics: Introduction, carcinogens, oncogenes/tumour suppressor genes, TP53, stages of carcinogenesis, pre-malignangt lesions, cancer stem cells, animal models, chromosomal instability, genomic instability, evolution of cancer, epigenetics.

Course schedule: The course will consist of 12 double lessons, with a lecture in the first lesson and discussion of a paper in the second lesson.

Pharmaceutical sciences is a versatile field that integrates diverse disciplines such as organic chemistry, biology and biochemistry to understand how we can develope new drugs that can improve current therapies or be first in line as a treatment. Thus, studies on their physicochemical properties, their formulation into suitable drug and their action inside the human body is needed. In this course we aim to provide the overview of this field in a comprehensive way. This course is aimed towards students with no background in pharmacy/pharmaceutical sciences.

Seminars in the Faculty of Pharmacy Weekly seminars where students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 30 minute lecture and 15 minutes of discussion. For each presentation a student discussant is selected beforehand. The discussant receives background material a week in advance and leads the discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

The course is an electronic course organised by Copenhagen University in collaboration with University of Iceland. The course is the responsibility of Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Biomedical Center, the Food and Veterinary Authority and ArcticLAS.

Aim and content:

Entrance requirements are postgraduate studies towards a MSc or PhD degree in life sciences and basic knowledge in physiology and anatomy, and preferably etology and/or pharmacology.

This course is intended only for persons who work independently with laboratory animals. The practical exercises require participants to work with live animals, which should be in the strictest accordance to animal welfare legislation.

The course gives a practical and theoretic introduction to handling, housing and using laboratory animals and how to replace, refine and reduce the use of live animals for research.

The course is run electronically by Copenhagen University and is a function A/B/D course according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2 (previously designated category C), accredited by the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA).

Due to the practical exercises, maximum number of participants is 15, in 5 person groups. The course concludes by oral exam online, conducted by the course organisers at Copenhagen University.

To qualify for the FELASA A/B/D licence, the participant both must pass the practical exercises and the exam.  The licence entitles the holder to independently plan, implement and take responsibility for the design and performance of animal experimentation within the European Union according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2

The course adheres to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU and the more detailed learning outcomes described by EU's expert working group in 'A working document on the development of a common education and training framework to fulfil the requirements under the Directive' (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pdf/Endorsed_E-T.pdf)

The theoretical part will be given as access to an online portal with the theory given as online lectures, videos and quizzes, with the possibility of online discussion with teachers on regular occasions during online webinars. Lectures on Icelandic legislation regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes are given by the Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority in one of the University of Iceland’s lecture rooms.

The practical teaching will be given at ArcticLAS, Krókhálsi 5d, 110 Reykjavík.

Students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 15 minute lecture and 5 minutes of discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

.

The course is an electronic course organised by Copenhagen University in collaboration with University of Iceland. The course is the responsibility of Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Biomedical Center, the Food and Veterinary Authority and ArcticLAS.

Aim and content:

Entrance requirements are postgraduate studies towards a MSc or PhD degree in life sciences and basic knowledge in physiology and anatomy, and preferably etology and/or pharmacology.

This course is intended only for persons who work independently with laboratory animals. The practical exercises require participants to work with live animals, which should be in the strictest accordance to animal welfare legislation.

The course gives a practical and theoretic introduction to handling, housing and using laboratory animals and how to replace, refine and reduce the use of live animals for research.

The course is run electronically by Copenhagen University and is a function A/B/D course according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2 (previously designated category C), accredited by the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA).

Due to the practical exercises, maximum number of participants is 15, in 5 person groups. The course concludes by oral exam online, conducted by the course organisers at Copenhagen University.

To qualify for the FELASA A/B/D licence, the participant both must pass the practical exercises and the exam.  The licence entitles the holder to independently plan, implement and take responsibility for the design and performance of animal experimentation within the European Union according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2

The course adheres to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU and the more detailed learning outcomes described by EU's expert working group in 'A working document on the development of a common education and training framework to fulfil the requirements under the Directive' (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pdf/Endorsed_E-T.pdf)

The theoretical part will be given as access to an online portal with the theory given as online lectures, videos and quizzes, with the possibility of online discussion with teachers on regular occasions during online webinars. Lectures on Icelandic legislation regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes are given by the Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority in one of the University of Iceland’s lecture rooms.

The practical teaching will be given at ArcticLAS, Krókhálsi 5d, 110 Reykjavík.

Seminars in the Faculty of Pharmacy Weekly seminars where students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 30 minute lecture and 15 minutes of discussion. For each presentation a student discussant is selected beforehand. The discussant receives background material a week in advance and leads the discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

Students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 15 minute lecture and 5 minutes of discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

The aim of this course is to provide an understanding of fundamental concepts in development and production of biotechnological based drugs (biologics). The production process for biologics manufactured via mammalian cell lines will be covered as well as the required analytical methods for their characterization. The following types of biologics will be covered: Antibodies (traditional and monoclonal), peptide-based drugs and protein-based drugs. The concept of quality by design (QbD) will be explained in addition to good manufacturing practice (GMP) that is required for biologis marketed within the EU/EEA (EU GMP Annex 2). Safety and toxicological profiles of biologics will also be discussed. Lastly, new methods releated to therapeutical applications of biologics will be discussed, including gene therapy and nuclotides. This course is based on a cooperation with experts within the biotechnology industry in Iceland.

Students will be familiar with laboratory safety such as chemical safety, how to handle chemical spills and chemical accidents and first aid. Practical training will occur in one of the laboratories and it will end with a fire extinguishing training. 

The course is always in the beginning of the semester, before other courses start.

This course is a prerequisite for all laboratory work, so it is important to participate in this course. 

The course covers the most commonly used herbal remedies/natural products with the aim of enhancing communication skills of students in conveying reliable information to consumers and other health-care professionals. Aspects covered include constituents claimed benefits, scientific research on efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, contraindications. Quality control. Laws, executive orders on herbal remedies.

This course is taught as four independent modules, that the student should choose from based on their prior education and training and to best meet everyone´s educational goals. Successful completion of each module is awarded with 2 ECTS credits. M.Sc. student should at minimum choose three (6 ECTS) and Ph.D. students should at a minimum choose two modules (4 ECTS), and one of the modules chosen needs to be either module number 2 or 3.  The student is responsible to notify the course administrator about how many credits they intend to take and what modules before registration ends. Each module contains 3-4 lectures and a project.The modules are:

1. Article reading and data presentation
   1. How to read a paper and present your data
   2. Reference search and management (computer lab session)
   3. The scientific method
   4. ASSIGNMENT - Mini conference. Students will present their research project or paper (7 min)

2. Introduction to the scientific method

   1. Research ethics
   2. The philosophy of science
   3. Dishonesty in Science
   4. Quantitative & Qualitative Methods
   5. ASSIGNMENT – online project

3. Grant application, data collection and quality management
   1. Data handling and safety
   2. Permission applications/Research animals
   3. Quality management
   4. Grant applications
   5. ASSIGNMENT – preparation of grant application

4. Graduate student’s toolbox. This module is taught with the Center for graduate studies at their location in Setberg. This module is targeted towards graduate students (M.Sc./Ph.D.). The objective of the module is teaching graduate students transferable skills that can be applied to both academic research and research-oriented jobs
   1. Time Management
   2. Managing the Graduate Student - Advisor relationship
   3. Academic English
   4. Academic CV workshop
   5. ASSIGNMENT – Students write an academic CV in English.

The course is an introductory course in project management. It introduces key concepts of project management and covers context and selection of projects, project planning, project monitoring, management of project teams, and project closure. Students create and execute project plans in groups. Special emphasis is on using of project management for managing technological innovation in organizations.

This course is an introduction to statistics in the life sciences. The course covers the following topics. Types of data: categorical data, count data, data on continuous variables. Descriptive statistics; numerical statistics and statistical graphs. Probability distributions, the binomial distribution, the Poisson distribution and the normal distribution. The definitions of a random sample and of a population. Sampling distributions. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Comparison of means between groups. Statistical tests for frequency tables. Linear and logistic regression with ROC analysis. Survival analysis with the methods of Kaplan-Meier and Cox. The course is based on lectures and practical sessions in computer labs. In the practical sessions exercises are solved with the statistical software package R and the RStudio environment.

Generation of carbanions and their reactions, such as alkylation of enolates, C vs. O alkylation, aldol condensation and acylation of carbons. Decarboxylation and formation of double bonds will also be covered, along with organometallic chemistry. General and specific laboratory techniques of synthesis and analysis and the use of databases (Scifinder). Spectroscopic identification of all compounds. 75% of homework must be turned in in order to be allowed to take the exam.

The course will introduce different aspects of drug chemistry and drug development. Lectures: Drug receptors, activity assays, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), computer assisted drug design, designing and defining compound libraries, ADMET properties and some drug development examples. A project will also be included in this course.

The project is to set up a Wikipeida page on subject matter linked to Drug Design.

The aim of the course is to discuss the main types of formulations and different delivery routes. Preformulation designs and pharmacodynamic elements such as diffuse systems, rheology, fluid purification, filtration and drug excipients (preservatives, antioxidants, flavorings, and dyes) will be considered. Students will learn about solutions, emulsions, dispersions, suppositories, respiratory drugs, transdermal formulations, ophthalmic formulations, their composition and the requirements according to European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur). In addition, different methods of sterilizing drugs and pharmaceutical packaging of parenteral formulations will be discussed, as well as detailed tablet pressing and capsule production. Students will be taught how the production of tablets takes place. Factors such as particle size and particle properties, effects of blending, selection of excipients and tablet coating will be taught. In addition, quality control of table production and requirements set out by Ph.Eur for tablet production will also be reviewed. Patent applications for medicines and pharmaceutical formulations will be discussed.

During this course, students will learn about the quality and regulatory requirements that drugs need to fulfill before entering the market and the importance that these requirements are rigorously followed. The outline of the European pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur) will be explained as well as the role of the pharmacopeia in the quality control of pharmaceutics. The concepts within good manufacturing practice (GMP) as defined within the Europe Union (EU) will be defined and their role within pharmaceutical manufacturing explained. Students will also learn about the different procedures for the approval of new drugs within the EU and their composition. The importance of pharmacovigilance will also be explained. This course will also encompass the role of ISO standards, good distribution practice and medical devices. This course is based on lectures as well as  team-based learning assignments in-class that will help students to further expand their understanding of the course material in addition to a visit to a pharmaceutical company

The objective of the course is to provide students with insight into the use of specialized pharmaceutical analytical methods. Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry is used for the identification and quantification of active substances and metabolites in pharmaceuticals and biological samples. These methods include titrations, spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, IR, AAS, AES), liquid chromatographic methods (TLC, HPLC, UPLC), electrophoretic methods (CE), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS).

Chromatographic methods used for drug testing will be presented. Analytical methods used for isolation and drug identification, as well as methods used for quantitative drug analysis. Spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography (LC) in visible and ultraviolet light.Zero, first, second and third order reactions. Effect of temperature and pH on reaction. Effects of salts, solubilizes and surfactants on chemical reactions. Hydro- and lipophilicity. Flow of drugs through organic membranes.Practical exercises: Separation and quantification of HPLC, determination of pKa values, hydrolysis, phase distribution and diffusion through organic membrane.Reports: Each student / group submits reports from each exercise.Requirements: A student should be able to calculate linear regression and perform simple statistical data processing with software (such as excel).

The aim of the course is to provide good understanding of various analytical technique and analytical methods, both physicochemical and bioassays, used for research and development, release and stability studies of biological medicines. Qualification and validation of analytical methods. Furthermore, how to set quality target product profile, perform critical quality attribute assessment and critical risk ranking.

The course is a practical course with weekly supportive lectures.  The lectures provide heroretical background of the instrumental methods and the instruments. The supportive lectures are part of lab exercises and attendance is compulsory.

The students learn about modern methods and instruments used in analytical chemistry based on interaction between chemical- and physical properties of the substances and the electromagnetic field. Chromatographic methods used to separate mixtures into single pure compounds will be introduced.  The focus of the course is the analysis of organic compounds.

Laboratory work: Fluorimetry, atomic absorption, spectrophotometry and applications of IR, UV and visible and NMR spectroscopy. Gas- and liquid (HPLC) chromatography. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

The course emphasizes scientific literacy and dives into research articles in specialized fields of cell biology. Students gain insight into diverse research that reflects advancements and methodologies in the field. The course topics vary according to current focuses and innovations.

In each session, the instructor selects up to three recent research articles for students to read in advance, and presents their content in an organized lecture.

Students present a specific topic within cell biology by reading one review article and one research article. They submit both a written analysis where the topic is critically examined and justified, and also present it orally, emphasizing key points and scientific context.

To introduce stem cell research to graduate students in the biomedical sciences, provide an overview of how stem cells can be applied for therapeutic use and to advance our understanding of tissue architecture and disease progression.

In this course we will discuss different stem cell systems and dissect the current knowledge of how these cells maintain self-renewal and/or proceed to differentiation. During the course students will gain insight into both embryonic and somatic stem cell research including hematopoietic, mesenchymal and various epithelial stem cell populations. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic importance of various stem cells and discuss the link between stem cells and diseases such as cancer.

In each lecture one principal investigator (PI) will introduce a particular aspect of the stem cell field (35 min.). Afterwards, one student will present a research article related to that field and discuss how that particular study was conducted. In their presentations, the students need to: 1) Introduce the background of the research article and the history of the concept being investigated. The key here is to understand the reason for why the work was done and why it is important. 2) Describe the aim of the study and the experimental design (methods and material). 3) Discuss the major results/findings (figures and tables). 4) Summarize the context of the work and discuss major conclusions made by the authors. Present your own view, what is good and what is bad in the experimental design and results. Finally discuss future experiments that need to be or should be conducted. After the presentation all students will participate in active discussion. In addition to this, the students must select a couple of articles on a stem cell topic of their immediate interest and write a short report in english (4-6 pages). At the end of the course a seminar is scheduled where each student presents his/her report in short talk (7-10 min.).

The course will cover the biological basis of the development of cancer and its characteristics. Each topic will be reviewed first in a lecture and then discussed on the basis of a recent original research paper. Each will be introduced by one student and then discussed by the group. The papers will be distributed at the beginning of the course.

Topics: Introduction, carcinogens, oncogenes/tumour suppressor genes, TP53, stages of carcinogenesis, pre-malignangt lesions, cancer stem cells, animal models, chromosomal instability, genomic instability, evolution of cancer, epigenetics.

Course schedule: The course will consist of 12 double lessons, with a lecture in the first lesson and discussion of a paper in the second lesson.

Pharmaceutical sciences is a versatile field that integrates diverse disciplines such as organic chemistry, biology and biochemistry to understand how we can develope new drugs that can improve current therapies or be first in line as a treatment. Thus, studies on their physicochemical properties, their formulation into suitable drug and their action inside the human body is needed. In this course we aim to provide the overview of this field in a comprehensive way. This course is aimed towards students with no background in pharmacy/pharmaceutical sciences.

Seminars in the Faculty of Pharmacy Weekly seminars where students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 30 minute lecture and 15 minutes of discussion. For each presentation a student discussant is selected beforehand. The discussant receives background material a week in advance and leads the discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

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The course is an electronic course organised by Copenhagen University in collaboration with University of Iceland. The course is the responsibility of Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Biomedical Center, the Food and Veterinary Authority and ArcticLAS.

Aim and content:

Entrance requirements are postgraduate studies towards a MSc or PhD degree in life sciences and basic knowledge in physiology and anatomy, and preferably etology and/or pharmacology.

This course is intended only for persons who work independently with laboratory animals. The practical exercises require participants to work with live animals, which should be in the strictest accordance to animal welfare legislation.

The course gives a practical and theoretic introduction to handling, housing and using laboratory animals and how to replace, refine and reduce the use of live animals for research.

The course is run electronically by Copenhagen University and is a function A/B/D course according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2 (previously designated category C), accredited by the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA).

Due to the practical exercises, maximum number of participants is 15, in 5 person groups. The course concludes by oral exam online, conducted by the course organisers at Copenhagen University.

To qualify for the FELASA A/B/D licence, the participant both must pass the practical exercises and the exam.  The licence entitles the holder to independently plan, implement and take responsibility for the design and performance of animal experimentation within the European Union according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2

The course adheres to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU and the more detailed learning outcomes described by EU's expert working group in 'A working document on the development of a common education and training framework to fulfil the requirements under the Directive' (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pdf/Endorsed_E-T.pdf)

The theoretical part will be given as access to an online portal with the theory given as online lectures, videos and quizzes, with the possibility of online discussion with teachers on regular occasions during online webinars. Lectures on Icelandic legislation regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes are given by the Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority in one of the University of Iceland’s lecture rooms.

The practical teaching will be given at ArcticLAS, Krókhálsi 5d, 110 Reykjavík.

Students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 15 minute lecture and 5 minutes of discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

.

The course is an electronic course organised by Copenhagen University in collaboration with University of Iceland. The course is the responsibility of Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, Biomedical Center, the Food and Veterinary Authority and ArcticLAS.

Aim and content:

Entrance requirements are postgraduate studies towards a MSc or PhD degree in life sciences and basic knowledge in physiology and anatomy, and preferably etology and/or pharmacology.

This course is intended only for persons who work independently with laboratory animals. The practical exercises require participants to work with live animals, which should be in the strictest accordance to animal welfare legislation.

The course gives a practical and theoretic introduction to handling, housing and using laboratory animals and how to replace, refine and reduce the use of live animals for research.

The course is run electronically by Copenhagen University and is a function A/B/D course according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2 (previously designated category C), accredited by the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA).

Due to the practical exercises, maximum number of participants is 15, in 5 person groups. The course concludes by oral exam online, conducted by the course organisers at Copenhagen University.

To qualify for the FELASA A/B/D licence, the participant both must pass the practical exercises and the exam.  The licence entitles the holder to independently plan, implement and take responsibility for the design and performance of animal experimentation within the European Union according to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU Article 23.2

The course adheres to the EU Directive 2010/63/EU and the more detailed learning outcomes described by EU's expert working group in 'A working document on the development of a common education and training framework to fulfil the requirements under the Directive' (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/pdf/Endorsed_E-T.pdf)

The theoretical part will be given as access to an online portal with the theory given as online lectures, videos and quizzes, with the possibility of online discussion with teachers on regular occasions during online webinars. Lectures on Icelandic legislation regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes are given by the Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority in one of the University of Iceland’s lecture rooms.

The practical teaching will be given at ArcticLAS, Krókhálsi 5d, 110 Reykjavík.

Seminars in the Faculty of Pharmacy Weekly seminars where students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 30 minute lecture and 15 minutes of discussion. For each presentation a student discussant is selected beforehand. The discussant receives background material a week in advance and leads the discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

.

Students in post-graduate research training present their projects alternating with guest lectures from teachers and invited speakers. Each seminar consists of a 15 minute lecture and 5 minutes of discussion. The seminars are open to everyone and teachers are encouraged to attend.

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The aim of this course is to provide an understanding of fundamental concepts in development and production of biotechnological based drugs (biologics). The production process for biologics manufactured via mammalian cell lines will be covered as well as the required analytical methods for their characterization. The following types of biologics will be covered: Antibodies (traditional and monoclonal), peptide-based drugs and protein-based drugs. The concept of quality by design (QbD) will be explained in addition to good manufacturing practice (GMP) that is required for biologis marketed within the EU/EEA (EU GMP Annex 2). Safety and toxicological profiles of biologics will also be discussed. Lastly, new methods releated to therapeutical applications of biologics will be discussed, including gene therapy and nuclotides. This course is based on a cooperation with experts within the biotechnology industry in Iceland.

Students will be familiar with laboratory safety such as chemical safety, how to handle chemical spills and chemical accidents and first aid. Practical training will occur in one of the laboratories and it will end with a fire extinguishing training. 

The course is always in the beginning of the semester, before other courses start.

This course is a prerequisite for all laboratory work, so it is important to participate in this course. 

The course covers the most commonly used herbal remedies/natural products with the aim of enhancing communication skills of students in conveying reliable information to consumers and other health-care professionals. Aspects covered include constituents claimed benefits, scientific research on efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, contraindications. Quality control. Laws, executive orders on herbal remedies.

This course is taught as four independent modules, that the student should choose from based on their prior education and training and to best meet everyone´s educational goals. Successful completion of each module is awarded with 2 ECTS credits. M.Sc. student should at minimum choose three (6 ECTS) and Ph.D. students should at a minimum choose two modules (4 ECTS), and one of the modules chosen needs to be either module number 2 or 3.  The student is responsible to notify the course administrator about how many credits they intend to take and what modules before registration ends. Each module contains 3-4 lectures and a project.The modules are:

1. Article reading and data presentation
   1. How to read a paper and present your data
   2. Reference search and management (computer lab session)
   3. The scientific method
   4. ASSIGNMENT - Mini conference. Students will present their research project or paper (7 min)

2. Introduction to the scientific method

   1. Research ethics
   2. The philosophy of science
   3. Dishonesty in Science
   4. Quantitative & Qualitative Methods
   5. ASSIGNMENT – online project

3. Grant application, data collection and quality management
   1. Data handling and safety
   2. Permission applications/Research animals
   3. Quality management
   4. Grant applications
   5. ASSIGNMENT – preparation of grant application

4. Graduate student’s toolbox. This module is taught with the Center for graduate studies at their location in Setberg. This module is targeted towards graduate students (M.Sc./Ph.D.). The objective of the module is teaching graduate students transferable skills that can be applied to both academic research and research-oriented jobs
   1. Time Management
   2. Managing the Graduate Student - Advisor relationship
   3. Academic English
   4. Academic CV workshop
   5. ASSIGNMENT – Students write an academic CV in English.

The course is an introductory course in project management. It introduces key concepts of project management and covers context and selection of projects, project planning, project monitoring, management of project teams, and project closure. Students create and execute project plans in groups. Special emphasis is on using of project management for managing technological innovation in organizations.

This course is an introduction to statistics in the life sciences. The course covers the following topics. Types of data: categorical data, count data, data on continuous variables. Descriptive statistics; numerical statistics and statistical graphs. Probability distributions, the binomial distribution, the Poisson distribution and the normal distribution. The definitions of a random sample and of a population. Sampling distributions. Confidence intervals and hypothesis testing. Comparison of means between groups. Statistical tests for frequency tables. Linear and logistic regression with ROC analysis. Survival analysis with the methods of Kaplan-Meier and Cox. The course is based on lectures and practical sessions in computer labs. In the practical sessions exercises are solved with the statistical software package R and the RStudio environment.

Generation of carbanions and their reactions, such as alkylation of enolates, C vs. O alkylation, aldol condensation and acylation of carbons. Decarboxylation and formation of double bonds will also be covered, along with organometallic chemistry. General and specific laboratory techniques of synthesis and analysis and the use of databases (Scifinder). Spectroscopic identification of all compounds. 75% of homework must be turned in in order to be allowed to take the exam.

The course will introduce different aspects of drug chemistry and drug development. Lectures: Drug receptors, activity assays, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR), computer assisted drug design, designing and defining compound libraries, ADMET properties and some drug development examples. A project will also be included in this course.

The project is to set up a Wikipeida page on subject matter linked to Drug Design.

The aim of the course is to discuss the main types of formulations and different delivery routes. Preformulation designs and pharmacodynamic elements such as diffuse systems, rheology, fluid purification, filtration and drug excipients (preservatives, antioxidants, flavorings, and dyes) will be considered. Students will learn about solutions, emulsions, dispersions, suppositories, respiratory drugs, transdermal formulations, ophthalmic formulations, their composition and the requirements according to European Pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur). In addition, different methods of sterilizing drugs and pharmaceutical packaging of parenteral formulations will be discussed, as well as detailed tablet pressing and capsule production. Students will be taught how the production of tablets takes place. Factors such as particle size and particle properties, effects of blending, selection of excipients and tablet coating will be taught. In addition, quality control of table production and requirements set out by Ph.Eur for tablet production will also be reviewed. Patent applications for medicines and pharmaceutical formulations will be discussed.

During this course, students will learn about the quality and regulatory requirements that drugs need to fulfill before entering the market and the importance that these requirements are rigorously followed. The outline of the European pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur) will be explained as well as the role of the pharmacopeia in the quality control of pharmaceutics. The concepts within good manufacturing practice (GMP) as defined within the Europe Union (EU) will be defined and their role within pharmaceutical manufacturing explained. Students will also learn about the different procedures for the approval of new drugs within the EU and their composition. The importance of pharmacovigilance will also be explained. This course will also encompass the role of ISO standards, good distribution practice and medical devices. This course is based on lectures as well as  team-based learning assignments in-class that will help students to further expand their understanding of the course material in addition to a visit to a pharmaceutical company

The objective of the course is to provide students with insight into the use of specialized pharmaceutical analytical methods. Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry is used for the identification and quantification of active substances and metabolites in pharmaceuticals and biological samples. These methods include titrations, spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, IR, AAS, AES), liquid chromatographic methods (TLC, HPLC, UPLC), electrophoretic methods (CE), gas chromatography (GC), and mass spectrometry (MS).

Chromatographic methods used for drug testing will be presented. Analytical methods used for isolation and drug identification, as well as methods used for quantitative drug analysis. Spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography (LC) in visible and ultraviolet light.Zero, first, second and third order reactions. Effect of temperature and pH on reaction. Effects of salts, solubilizes and surfactants on chemical reactions. Hydro- and lipophilicity. Flow of drugs through organic membranes.Practical exercises: Separation and quantification of HPLC, determination of pKa values, hydrolysis, phase distribution and diffusion through organic membrane.Reports: Each student / group submits reports from each exercise.Requirements: A student should be able to calculate linear regression and perform simple statistical data processing with software (such as excel).

The aim of the course is to provide good understanding of various analytical technique and analytical methods, both physicochemical and bioassays, used for research and development, release and stability studies of biological medicines. Qualification and validation of analytical methods. Furthermore, how to set quality target product profile, perform critical quality attribute assessment and critical risk ranking.

The course is a practical course with weekly supportive lectures.  The lectures provide heroretical background of the instrumental methods and the instruments. The supportive lectures are part of lab exercises and attendance is compulsory.

The students learn about modern methods and instruments used in analytical chemistry based on interaction between chemical- and physical properties of the substances and the electromagnetic field. Chromatographic methods used to separate mixtures into single pure compounds will be introduced.  The focus of the course is the analysis of organic compounds.

Laboratory work: Fluorimetry, atomic absorption, spectrophotometry and applications of IR, UV and visible and NMR spectroscopy. Gas- and liquid (HPLC) chromatography. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).

The course emphasizes scientific literacy and dives into research articles in specialized fields of cell biology. Students gain insight into diverse research that reflects advancements and methodologies in the field. The course topics vary according to current focuses and innovations.

In each session, the instructor selects up to three recent research articles for students to read in advance, and presents their content in an organized lecture.

Students present a specific topic within cell biology by reading one review article and one research article. They submit both a written analysis where the topic is critically examined and justified, and also present it orally, emphasizing key points and scientific context.

To introduce stem cell research to graduate students in the biomedical sciences, provide an overview of how stem cells can be applied for therapeutic use and to advance our understanding of tissue architecture and disease progression.

In this course we will discuss different stem cell systems and dissect the current knowledge of how these cells maintain self-renewal and/or proceed to differentiation. During the course students will gain insight into both embryonic and somatic stem cell research including hematopoietic, mesenchymal and various epithelial stem cell populations. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic importance of various stem cells and discuss the link between stem cells and diseases such as cancer.

In each lecture one principal investigator (PI) will introduce a particular aspect of the stem cell field (35 min.). Afterwards, one student will present a research article related to that field and discuss how that particular study was conducted. In their presentations, the students need to: 1) Introduce the background of the research article and the history of the concept being investigated. The key here is to understand the reason for why the work was done and why it is important. 2) Describe the aim of the study and the experimental design (methods and material). 3) Discuss the major results/findings (figures and tables). 4) Summarize the context of the work and discuss major conclusions made by the authors. Present your own view, what is good and what is bad in the experimental design and results. Finally discuss future experiments that need to be or should be conducted. After the presentation all students will participate in active discussion. In addition to this, the students must select a couple of articles on a stem cell topic of their immediate interest and write a short report in english (4-6 pages). At the end of the course a seminar is scheduled where each student presents his/her report in short talk (7-10 min.).

The course will cover the biological basis of the development of cancer and its characteristics. Each topic will be reviewed first in a lecture and then discussed on the basis of a recent original research paper. Each will be introduced by one student and then discussed by the group. The papers will be distributed at the beginning of the course.

Topics: Introduction, carcinogens, oncogenes/tumour suppressor genes, TP53, stages of carcinogenesis, pre-malignangt lesions, cancer stem cells, animal models, chromosomal instability, genomic instability, evolution of cancer, epigenetics.

Course schedule: The course will consist of 12 double lessons, with a lecture in the first lesson and discussion of a paper in the second lesson.