The main subject of the course is syllabus design, teaching methods and assessment. Students become acquainted with the basics of teaching Icelandic, receive instruction in developing student assignment in Icelandic as well as basic training in assessing students work. The students' ability to work with the National curriculum will also be strengthened. Emphasis is placed on students learning methods to apply their theoretical knowledge of the discipline and using reflection to formulate and develop ideas about students' own teaching and learning. Assignments in the course are integrated with the practical training. Within the course students receive training in teaching and interacting with students and an introduction to school culture and working procedures. Each student is allotted a secondary school where they spend an allocated time under supervision during both autumn and spring terms.

The training is connected to the course Introduction to Teaching and Learning and these courses should be taken simultaneously.

The aim of the course is to give students an insight into main theories and research of learning and teaching (Icelandic and international). Main topics of the course are theories and research on learning and teaching, teachers' professionalism, teaching methods, and assessment.

The main field of work for graduates will be in upper secondary school, and this fact will determine the selection of learning tasks.

Students become acquainted with the structure of study programs and the goal setting of studies in their field. The aim is for the student teacher to be able to plan and prepare a course with a course description and learning outcomes with a connection to the learning level of learning, key skills and the basic elements of the education. Emphasis is placed on the growing demand in learning outcomes of Compulsory and Upper Secondary school level towards specialization with further studies in mind or participation in the business life of subjects that fall under arts and design. Assignments in the course are integrated with the practical training. Within the course students receive training in teaching and interacting with students and an introduction to school culture and working procedures. Each student is allotted a secondary school where they spend an allocated time under supervision during both autumn and spring terms.

The training is connected to the course Curriculum and School Development in Secondary Schools and these two courses should be taken simultaneously.

This course is about curriculum theory and educational policy with emphasis on the curriculum, student body and school development in Icelandic upper secondary schools.

Assignments are designed to enable students to work as professionals on the development of school practice, curricula, and policies.

The main purpose of the course is to give an overview of the syntax of the modern Scandinavian languages from a generative perspective. The emphasis is on the comparison of the Insular Scandinavian languages (Icelandic and Faroese) on the one hand and the Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) on the other. Aspects of the syntax of some lesser-known Scandinavian varieties is also included for comparison, including Övdalian (Swe. Älvalsmålet), for instance, which preserves certain inflectional and syntactic features of Old Norse that have disappeared from the Mainland Scandinavian standard languages. Selected topics in recent research on variation in Scandinavian syntax are covered and the students will be trained in designing and administering syntactic questionnaires.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

In this course, we will explore the various representations of women that appear in literature from earlier centuries, ranging from Norse mythology to folklore. We will examine women and female figures such as goddesses, Norns of fate, trolls (giantesses), Valkyries, shield-maidens, shape-shifting women, maiden kings, seeresses and sorceresses, learned women and nuns, holy virgins, courtly women and princesses, formidable women in the Sagas of Icelanders and legendary sagas, women in the Sturlunga saga, peasant women and female slaves, women writers, rebellious women, women in traditional ballads and sagnakvæði, women in Icelandic fairy tales, and hidden people (huldukonur). In all cases, we will examine the characteristics of these women, their roles in the narratives, their social status, and the societal framework created for them. We will read texts or excerpts where women play significant roles, as well as scholarly works and articles discussing women in Icelandic literature from earlier periods. This course aims to enhance students’ knowledge of women in Icelandic literary history and place them in a new and exciting comprehensive context.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

This seminar deals with the history of the inflectional system of Icelandic from Proto-Germanic to modern times with special emphasis on selected problems. Recent writings on Icelandic historical morphology will be discussed. We will study text examples and their value as sources of information on the development of Icelandic morphology. The development of Icelandic word formation and different types of compounds will also be discussed.

Assignments: Students will give presentations on text samples and/or particular morphological problems.

Training in various aspects of the writing and editing of scientific texts. Various kinds of texts (non-fiction) examined and evaluated. Training in reviewing and commenting on scientific texts and in other aspects of editorial work. The main emphasis will be on the writing of articles, but other kinds of texts will also be considered, both shorter (conference abstracts, reviews) and longer (theses, books), as well as research proposals. Discussion of guidelines for the preparation of manuscripts. Types of plagiarism and how to avoid them and find them. Texts on different subjects will be used as examples, especially writings in linguistics, literature and history. The book Skrifaðu bæði skýrt og rétt will be used as a textbook (Höskuldur Þráinsson 2015).

This course is open to students of many MA programmes in the School of Humanities, cf. the regulations of the individual subjects. Students in the MA programmes in Icelandic literature, Icelandic linguistics, Icelandic studies and Icelandic teaching can take the course as part of the MA course requirements in Icelandic literature or Icelandic linguistics. Students in the MA programme in Icelandic teaching can, however, not have this course as the only linguistics or literature course in their MA.

Faroeese is the language that has the strongest similarity to Icelandic among the Nordic languages but it has changed more than Icelandic with respect to phonology, inflections and syntax. Investigating Faroese is important for Icelandic linguistics because Faroese provides a unique perspective on how Icelandic could have changed or may change in the next centuries.

This course will give an overview of the grammar of Faroese (phonology, inflections, word-formation and syntax) in comparison to Icelandic and the other Nordic languages. Language changes, dialects and foreign influence on Faroese will also be discussed. Moreover, students will get some training in listening to spoken Faroese.

The main purpose of the course is to give an overview of the syntax of the modern Scandinavian languages from a generative perspective. The emphasis is on the comparison of the Insular Scandinavian languages (Icelandic and Faroese) on the one hand and the Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) on the other. Aspects of the syntax of some lesser-known Scandinavian varieties is also included for comparison, including Övdalian (Swe. Älvalsmålet), for instance, which preserves certain inflectional and syntactic features of Old Norse that have disappeared from the Mainland Scandinavian standard languages. Selected topics in recent research on variation in Scandinavian syntax are covered and the students will be trained in designing and administering syntactic questionnaires.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

The main purpose of the course is to give an overview of the syntax of the modern Scandinavian languages from a generative perspective. The emphasis is on the comparison of the Insular Scandinavian languages (Icelandic and Faroese) on the one hand and the Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) on the other. Aspects of the syntax of some lesser-known Scandinavian varieties is also included for comparison, including Övdalian (Swe. Älvalsmålet), for instance, which preserves certain inflectional and syntactic features of Old Norse that have disappeared from the Mainland Scandinavian standard languages. Selected topics in recent research on variation in Scandinavian syntax are covered and the students will be trained in designing and administering syntactic questionnaires.

This 10 credit course will present different theoretical approaches to the sagas about early Icelanders (Íslendingasögur). A selection of these sagas (Egils saga, Eyrbyggja saga and Grettis saga) will be read and analysed. Different interpretations of them will be discussed. Special attention will be given to the interaction between prose and poetry in the sagas, as well as to the production of meaning, particularly in relation to the period in which they were composed.

Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary field of study that bridges medicine and the humanities, particularly literature, by focusing on narratives and the human body. This course explores key concepts and ideas in the medical humanities, examining the insights that literature and film offer into topics such as illness, pain, emotions, trauma, grief, and the relationships between patients and healthcare professionals. Central to the course is an exploration of the role of narrative in medicine, including an analysis of diverse narrative forms and the contrasting languages used by patients and doctors. Discussions will also cover the connections between storytelling and empathy, as well as how experiences of illness and trauma shape narratives. Emphasis will be placed on the phenomenology of illness, medical case studies, patient narratives, and the symbolic and cultural dimensions of illness as reflected in literature, film, and other art forms. Works analyzed in the course will include the novels Ból by Steinunn Sigurðardóttir, Stóri skjálfti by Auður Jónsdóttir, Lífsmörk by Ari Jóhannesson, Krabbaveislan by Hlynur Grímson; the films Still Alice, Wit, and Eiðurinn; as well as the autobiographies Ótuktin by Anna Pálína Árnadóttir and Ástin, dauðinn og drekinn by Vilborg Davíðsdóttir.

Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary field of study that bridges medicine and the humanities, particularly literature, by focusing on narratives and the human body. This course explores key concepts and ideas in the medical humanities, examining the insights that literature and film offer into topics such as illness, pain, emotions, trauma, grief, and the relationships between patients and healthcare professionals. Central to the course is an exploration of the role of narrative in medicine, including an analysis of diverse narrative forms and the contrasting languages used by patients and doctors. Discussions will also cover the connections between storytelling and empathy, as well as how experiences of illness and trauma shape narratives. Emphasis will be placed on the phenomenology of illness, medical case studies, patient narratives, and the symbolic and cultural dimensions of illness as reflected in literature, film, and other art forms. Works analyzed in the course will include the novels Ból by Steinunn Sigurðardóttir, Stóri skjálfti by Auður Jónsdóttir, Lífsmörk by Ari Jóhannesson, Krabbaveislan by Hlynur Grímson; the films Still Alice, Wit, and Eiðurinn; as well as the autobiographies Ótuktin by Anna Pálína Árnadóttir and Ástin, dauðinn og drekinn by Vilborg Davíðsdóttir.

This course provides an overview of Icelandic manuscript culture. Students will get practical training in reading Icelandic manuscripts from different periods, from the earliest extant Icelandic vellums dating to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries down to the paper manuscripts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The origins of the Icelandic script will be discussed as well as its development over time, and students will get practical training in reading different types of script from different periods. The orthography of medieval manuscripts differs considerably from the modern orthography. It includes a system of abbreviations that is partly inherited from a much earlier Latin tradition. Students will get practical training in interpreting these abbreviations. The Icelandic language has also changed over time, and different manifestations of these language changes appear when reading and examining Icelandic texts from different periods. A selection of these changes will be discussed. Changes in script, orthography, and language provide valuable indications of the date of the manuscript, and students will get practical training in dating medieval Icelandic manuscripts based on script, orthography, and language.

Various aspects of medieval book production will be discussed, including the making of parchment and ink, and book binding. Scribes and scribal schools will be discussed as well as probable centres of book production in medieval Iceland. The works of some prolific scribes in the fourteenth century will be examined. What did they write? How did they write? Did they change their practice over a long scribal career? The texts contained by the manuscripts will also be examined and the basics of textual criticism introduced. Njáls saga, for instance, has survived in over sixty manuscripts with considerable textual variation. Which manuscript should then constitute the basis for a printed edition of Njáls saga? Different types of printed editions will be discussed, and students try their hand at editing a medieval text. The electronic editing of pre-modern texts will be introduced, and students will get practical training in mark-up with XML according to the guidelines of the Medieval Nordic Text Archive (MENOTA) and the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (MUFI).

The course is taught through a combination of lectures and workshops with considerable student engagement. Many of the lectures will be pre-recorded allowing more time in the classroom for discussion and student contributions.

The course is run in cooperation with the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies which has the custody of the largest single collection of Icelandic medieval manuscripts. Students will visit the institute to learn about its collections and facilities and to examine manuscripts.

Course synopsis

Week 1
(1) Introduction
The course: format, readings, requirements and assessment.
The subject matter: Medieval Icelandic manuscripts.

(2) The earliest Icelandic manuscripts
A sketch of the history of the Latin script and the earliest writings in Icelandic. Where did Icelanders learn to use the Latin alphabet? Which orthography did they employ? Some main characteristics of medieval orthography and the use of abbreviations.

Week 2
(3) Electronic editing of medieval texts
How can medieval texts be presented electronically? The XML mark-up language, TEI, MENOTA, MUFI, and related matters. We will try our hand at electronic editing.

(4) The earliest Icelandic orthography and the First Grammatical Treatise
The use of the Latin alphabet for writing Icelandic: challenges — and the solutions proposed by the author of the First Grammatical Treatise in the middle of the twelfth century.

Week 3
(5) Icelandic script and orthography in the thirteenth century
The difference between Icelandic and Norwegian orthography in the twelfth century. What changed in the course of the thirteenth century?

(6) Different types of print editions: scholarly editions
How accurate should printed editions be? Should every little detail in the manuscript be reproduced? What is “Classical Old Icelandic Normalized Orthography”? What are the needs of the readers? What is the role of the editor?

Week 4
(7) Norwegian influence on script, orthography, and language in Icelandic manuscripts
What is the manifestation of this Norwegian influence? How deep-rooted was it? How long did it last?

(8) The dating of manuscripts: script, orthography, and language
How can medieval Icelandic manuscripts be dated? Features of script, orthography, and language that can be helpful for dating.

Week 5
(9) Icelandic script and orthography in the fourteenth century
Main characteristics and their development.

(10) One scribal hand or many?
Distinguishing different scribal hands: some criteria. The Icelandic Homily Book from around 1200: One scribe or fourteen?

Week 6
(11) Book production: parchment, ink, binding — and conservation
From animal skin to parchment. How was the ink produced? Book design and book binding. The care and conservation of medieval manuscripts.

(12) Book production: parchment, ink, binding — and conservation
A visit to the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies.

— STUDY WEEK —

Week 7
(13) Scribes, scribal milieus, the export of books
On prolific scribes, scribal collaboration, and extensive production of books. Were books produced in Iceland for export in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

(14) Icelandic script and orthography in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
Main characteristics and their development.

Week 8
(15) Textual criticism
On the transmission of texts through copying. Textual variation, manuscript classification, and stemmatology.

(16) Textual criticism
Comparing manuscripts and collecting variants.

Week 9
(17) Manuscript illumination
On illuminated manuscripts, historiated initials, artists and their models.

(18) Manuscript catalogues and cataloguing
We will familiarize ourselves with the most important manuscript catalogues and learn about the principles of manuscript cataloguing.

Week 10
(19) Icelandic script and orthography in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Main characteristics and their development.

(20) The transmission of the text: a relic or a living text?
How did the language change when a scribe copied from an old exemplar? Njáls saga is believed to have been written towards the end of the thirteenth century. What is the language of Njáls saga in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century manuscripts?

Week 11
(21) Antiquarianism, manuscript collectors, and copyists
The sixteenth century saw the rise of interest in antiquities, old manuscripts were collected and copied.

(22) Different types of print editions: popular editions
How is a pre-modern text best presented to the modern reader? Should archaic features of language and orthography be retained or should they be updated? On the allegiance to the manuscript and allegiance to the reader.

Week 12
(23) Manuscript collections and manuscript collectors
The life and work of Árni Magnússon.

(24) The manuscript dispute and the return of the manuscripts to Iceland
The search for Codex Scardensis and a nerve-racking auction in London. The custody dispute with Denmark and the return of the manuscripts to Iceland 1971–1997.

— This synopsis may be subject to change. —

Readings

The reading list is on the course website on Canvas. It consists of readings in several languages, including English, Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian, German, and French. The reading list is (often) divided into three main sections:

(a) Required readings: Texts that everyone is required to read. These are all in English.

(b) Optional supplementary readings: These are optional readings for those who want a more in-depth discussion. Most of these readings are in English, but not all.

(c) For those who still want more: A variety of optional readings in several languages, not least in Icelandic, for those who still want more. This section is mostly for reference purposes and as a tool for further research.

Many of the required readings (and some of the optional readings) are found on the Canvas course website. Other reading materials are available in the institute library in the Árni Magnússon Institute in Edda and the University Library (Háskólabókasafn) in the Þjóðarbókhlaða.

Prerequisites
Some skills in Icelandic are essential to fully benefit from the course, as emphasis will be placed on practical training in reading and transcribing text from medieval Icelandic manuscripts. MIS105F Old Icelandic 1 or equivalent study of Old Icelandic is sufficient or some skills in Modern Icelandic. Please, consult the instructor if in doubt.

Course format
The course is taught through a combination of lectures and workshops with considerable student engagement. Many of the lectures will be prerecorded allowing more time in the classroom for discussion and student contributions (flipped classroom).

Working language: This course is open to students with different linguistic backgrounds, and there are two working languages, English and Icelandic. Pre-recorded lectures are in both English and Icelandic (except for guest lecturers who will present in English), written assignments are in both English and Icelandic, and reading materials are in English, Icelandic and the Scandinavian languages, but for those who cannot read Icelandic or the Scan-dinavian languages, all required readings are in English. English is the main working language in the classroom, but questions and contributions to class discussion may also be in Icelandic. — See a separate note on the working languages and the classroom arrangement.

Course requirements and assessment
The final grade for the course will be based on:

(1) Transcription assignments: 30%
(2) Manuscript catalogue assignment: 10%
(3) Manuscript dating assignment: 10%
(4) Presentation: manuscript of the day: 10%
(5) Research paper: 30%
(6) Class participation: 10%

All written assignments will be submitted through Canvas. More detailed instructions and information on deadlines is found on Canvas.

Recent years have seen an increased focus on data collection and statistical analysis within the humanities. This is particularly apparent in growing branches such as psycholinguistics, cognitive literary studies and experimental philosophy, to name a few. The push towards quantitative methods occurs at a time where the validity and reliability of well-established statistical methods are called into question in other fields, with increased demands of replicability and open access as well as data protection and responsibility. In this course, students explore the value of quantitative methods in their field while getting training in the collection and analysis of data. A diverse set of research methods will be introduced, ranging from surveys to corpus analysis and experiments in which participants’ response to stimuli (such as words, texts or audio-visual materials) is quantified. Basic concepts in statistics will be reviewed, enabling students to know the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics, understand statistical significance and interpret visual representations of data in graphs. The course will be largely practical and students are expected to apply their knowledge of data collection and analysis under the instructor’s guidance. Students will work on a project within their own discipline but will also explore the possibility of cross-disciplinary work. Open source tools such as R Studio will be used for all assignments but no prior knowledge of the software or statistics in general is required. The course is suitable for all students within the humanities who want to collect quantitative data to answer interesting questions and could therefore be a useful preparation for a BA or MA project.

The course will introduce and discuss topics and methods in etymological research. Different types of etymological dictionaries will be compared. Examples from Icelandic will be discussed, i.e., the history of particular words and the information that etymological dictionaries provide on their development.

In this seminar some Eddic poems will be read and their language examined. Features which cast light on the age of the poems will be given particular attention. The evidence of the Eddic poems will be compared with that from other linguistic sources. Various methods of dating the Eddic poems will be discussed.

In the course, the student's task consists in being a mentor for participants that are upper secondary school students and university students in the project "Sprettur". Mentors' main role is to support and encourage participants in their studies and social life. As well as creating a constructive relationship with the participants, being a positive role model, and participating in events organized in Sprettur. The mentor role centers around building relationships and spending meaningful time together with the commitment to support participants. 

Sprettur is a project that supports students with an immigrant or refugee background who come from families with little or no university education. The students in this course are mentors of the participants and are paired together based on a common field of interest. Each mentor is responsible for supporting two participants. Mentors plan activities with participants and spend three hours a month (from August to May) with Sprettur’s participants, three hours a month in a study group and attend five seminars that are spread over the school year. Students submit journal entries on Canvas in November and March. Diary entries are based on reading material and students' reflections on the mentorship. Compulsory attendance in events, study groups, and seminars. The course is taught in Icelandic and English. 

Students must apply for a seat in the course. Applicants go through an interview process and 15-30 students are selected to participate. 

See the digital application form. 

More information about Sprettur can be found here: www.hi.is/sprettur  

In this course, different types and genres of literary texts will be read and analysed, as a practical base for creative writing of various kinds - with the needs of the school teacher of literature and writing in mind.

The aim is to enable the student to gain a general understanding of the latest knowledge, theories, ideologies, concepts and methods in the field of language and instruction in grammar, giving a special attention to the situation in Iceland.

Terms like language policy, language planning, standard language and language usage are addressed, and conventional ideas about right and wrong language use are put into question. In addition, different positions towards gender neutral language will be discussed as well as opposing views about official naming policies. Current teaching material will be examined considering such ideas.

The main emphasis will be put on how to get young people to reflect on their responsibility in maintaining the language, while urging them to be tolerant towards other people’s language use. Students also get training in leading discussions on controversial language matters.

An important discussion will take place about the language policy in Iceland pertaining to neologism as a reaction to foreign language influence. Students will be prepared to use neologism as part of their teaching.

The course aims to prepare participants to draw on their resources in their work with diverse groups of students. In the course, we draw on inclusive education theories and research, emphasizing a holistic and creative approach to preparation and teaching at the forefront. Furthermore, a focus is put on teaching strategies and educative assessment that works for diverse groups of students, and adapting teaching and learning to students with special needs.

Content
The focus of the course is on inclusive practices. How to create a learning environment that cares for all students learning is introduced. The focus is also on collaboration with parents, colleagues, professionals, and paraprofessionals. 

Work process
The course is a blended course online and on campus. It is divided into four main themes. All the themes connect to teaching in inclusive educational settings. The focus on each theme is three or four weeks.

The teaching is through lectures, projects, collaboration, discussions in class, on canvas, and in formal assignments. The course is grounded in students' independence, responsibility, and participation.

The content of the course will be centred around contemporary themes in the sociology and philosophy of education. We will discuss the sociological or philosophical aspects of current issues in society such as equality, multiculturalism, social class, pedagogy, democracy and inclusive education. 

During the first half of the semester theoretical approaches are presented and discussed.

During the second half students work in groups on self-chosen topics and are guided through developing a research plan or development projects using the theories presented before mid-semester.

This course is a general introduction to Adult and Continuing education. Through the course participants will familiarize themselves with research on the charcteristics of adult learners, theories on adult learning, the societal place of adult education, participation in adult learning activities and the effects of adult development on their learning endevours.

The course aims are that participants acquaint themselves with research and theories of adult learning with the aim of informing practice and to rationalize choices and actions when organizing learning events and working with adults.

Coursework: Blended learning with face to face sessions and online collaborations: Discussions, lectures, individual assignments and group projects.

Missing

The course focuses on:

• the effects of information and communications technology (ICT) on education and schools
• ICT-related policy, curriculum and school practice
• Concepts, theories and research related to the use of ICT in schools
• technology integration in schools
• teaching methods, professional development of teachers, software and digital learning materials
• students' and teachers' digital competence, ICT skills, and media literacy
• ICT as part of everyday life

Approach:
Reading and discussion about curriculum, policy, theory, research and practice. Students work alone or in smaller groups on literature research and introduce various topics of their choice. They share their ideas and experiences of ICT uses in learning and teaching and contribute to the construction of a learning and professional community in the area of ICT in education.

The purpose of this course is to assist students in understanding some major concepts, theories, and models of  development in educational settings with a focus on the enhancment of cultural conditions in order to encourage improvement. Students are expected to become competent in organising, planning and leading institutional development projects. The course is based on theories about schools and other related institutions as learning communities.

Ways of working
The course is structured in eight parts in distance learning. Two days are on campus during the term. Beside that students read and discuss online. They are also invited to participate in workshops on campus. Assignments are practical and linked with daily work. Student collaboration and discussions is emphases.

Aim: The goal of the course is to provide students with a good understanding of diversity in society and school, and get a better understanding of individuals and groups that are marginalised in society. Students will also learn about various forms, origins, and consequences of exclusion and stigmatization.

Students will also be able to use ethical concepts in their fieldwork, and be able to relate concepts of professionalism and professions to ethical and historical contexts. Special emphasis is on the ability of students to reflect on their own attitudes and work in light of ethical concepts such as autonomy, respect, dignity, trust and care, social justice and social discrimination, social capital, and empowerment.

Subject matter: The main subject of the course is social diversity and the status of marginalised individuals and groups. The course is divided into three parts where the first two parts are based on theoretical discussion of history and ethics, while in the third part students are expected to use those theoretical foundations from the previous parts to reflect on the field and their own attitudes.

The course is a free elective and is intended for those who are studying to become special educators or upper secondary school teachers. The aim of the course is for students to gain insight into the organization and implementation of support for upper secondary school students who are entitled to teaching and special educational support in accordance with assessed SEN. Theories and research in the field of education support and special education in upper secondary schools will be discussed, which will able participants to apply in their own teaching. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary approach and collaboration. Students are introduced to the support services available within the college to support students with special needs or disabilities.

The course gives an overview of research with children and young people, in order to understand their views and experiences as they participate in research. These methods build on ideas about early childhood education, manly coming from sociology, where early childhood is seen as a specific research area and linked to research with young people and other groups in danger of being marginalized. Furthermore, building on postmodern ideas, seeing children as strong and competent, having own perspectives towards social issues. and also in relation to the movement of working towards children’s rights as citizens.

Aims for students to:
Understand the theoretical ides and views underpinning research with children. Students:

• Gain knowledge and understanding about the challenges and solutions researchers face as they in research work with children and young people, in matters such as relations and interaction, informed consent, confidentiality and protection.
• Gain knowledge and understanding on the performance of research with children and young people.
• Are able to apply theoretical approach as planning projects and research.

During the course, the challenges meeting researchers, as doing research with children and young people, will be discussed. Ideology and ethical issues will be addressed

This course connects sociological and transdisciplinary theories and research on youth, youth culture, transitions and education. The concept of youth refers to a diverse age group and is dependant on societies and historical context, but in our post-modern times refers to the ages 16-25. Youth and their circumstances will be studied from various sociological and related academic perspectives; an emphasis will be placed on a transdiciplinary educational view. The term transition to adulthood referred, until the 1990‘s, to youth moving from the educational systems into the workplace, but has since taken a broader view to include among other things family context,  social engagement and inclusion.

In this course the focus is on recent research on youth transitions in different societies and by socio-cultural backgrounds, emphasizing research on  Icelandic and Nordic youth. The division between the public and the private is getting more and more blurry and the transition in the private life is no less important for future well-being in the marketized and globalized digital world. Youth transition is therefore explored through three main systems;  a) The education system of secondary and higher  education, b) participation in the labour force and c) the system of sexuality.

In this module different approaches to the question of how critical theories can be used to better understand educational institutions, practices and policies will be explored.  The theoretical framework will draw on critical theory scholarship (including but not limited to critical race theory, critical feminist theory, queer theory and critical disability studies) to develop critical education lens with an emphasis on intersectionality and social justice. Educational policies and curricula will be analysed and placed in a human rights context. Special emphasis is placed on how this knowledge can be applied in a broad range of educational settings.

Critical Theories is a required course for graduate students the Department of International studies in education in the Faculty of Education and Diversity at the University of Iceland.

In this course participants learn how to design learning interventions for adults. Its main objectives are that participants can individually or with a group, design courses or other learning events for adults.

During the course participants deal with most aspects of designing, organizing and implementing learning events organized for adults, ranging from learning needs asessment through design to teaching and evaluation. However with the main focus being on the design and implementation of the learning intervention.

The course is carried out in a blended form, a mix of face to face sessions and collaborative online work.

Students will read different literary text which are well suited to the task of opening up discussions about the fundamental pillars of education as they are defined in the National Curriculum Guide for Compulory Schools (2013). These are: Literacy, Sustainability, Democracy and Human rights, Equality, Health and Wellfare and Creativity.

The reading list will reflect three main themes that are connected with the fundamental pillars. The reading material will also provide students with general competences in literature, language and expression. The three main themes are important for students from all departments within The School of Education. They are:

1. Children and Development
2. Equality
3. Cultural Heritage and Society

The keywords of the course are: Literacy, vocabulary and interpretive skills

In this course the focus is on Icelandic as a second language and the education of multilingual students in Icelandic compulsory schools. Language acquisition and language upbringing will be examined and the difference between acquiring skills in a first and a second language. The emphases will be on what it is that teachers in general need to know about the Icelandic language to be able to help their students make progress in the subject being taught.

The structure of the Icelandic language system, pronunciation, word formation, inflections, sentence structure, meaning of words and phrases, the three layers of the vocabulary, and various things related to language use will be studied. The purpose is to figure out what is most likely to be demanding for multilingual students in preschools who are acquiring the language, both in general but also due to personal differences, such as different first languages.

Based on this special attention will be paid to the teaching of different subjects and how they can be planned, taking in account students’ different level of Icelandic. Important aspect of that is how subject texts can be simplified to fit the needs of multilingual students.

The goal of this course is twofold. On the one hand different methods of teaching literature will be introduced with an emphasis on diversity and different ways of connecting literature with various subjects. The course will explore how the methods of literary analysis and criticism can be used to open up literary texts in the classroom and help pupils to put them into the context of their everyday liver. Through literature and literary analysis different eras, cultures, nationalities, languages and personalities can be explored. 

On the other hand the course will focus on the teaching of literature in Icelandic elementary schools, the goals of the national curriculum, the role of the study of literature and its part in general education. The selection of literary texts for teaching in the school system will be studied as well as the criteria for such selection in Iceland and in other countries. 

This course deals with the spectrum of teaching methods from direct and formal approaches to informal methods. Emphasis is put on theoretical underpinnings and research on teaching methods, especially Icelandic research. Special attention is put on examining differentiated and responsive approaches (such as the open school concept, flexible teaching, cooperation, multi-age teaching, problem-based learning, holistic education, project-based learning, negotiating the curriculum and authentic learning).

Objectives
The objectives of the course are threefold. First, to provide insight into selected learning theories. Second, to enable  students to gain understanding of how these theories can be applied to upbringing, teaching, and the organization of learning for people of all ages. Third, to increase knowledge of research on the effects of different approaches to teaching and evidence-based practices to reach a variety of learning objectives.   

Content

• Among the main learning theories covered in the course are those from the cognitive, behavioural, and motivational domains.
• Main concepts related to the learning theories will be introduced and discussed in relation to how learning can be defined in different ways.
• Students will read research articles where these learning theories are studied and applied in practice.
• Emphasis will be placed on understanding what constitutes evidence-based practice. 
• Students will design a learning plan for a student or a group of students, based upon one of the learning theories approaches discussed in the course. Through this assignment the students will deepen their understanding of the learning theory in question and how to apply it in practice. 

This is an introductory course addressing theoretical, philosophical and practical issues related to action research. The history and development of action research worldwide will be outlined. We will take a look at ideologies and issues that divide action researchers into different camps. A special attention will be on action research in Icelandic schools an other educational forums, how it has developed until now and how it might be taken further. The main emphasis  in the course is on learning in action: The participants will learn about action research through the process of conducting their own research project.

Objective: The objective of the course is that students learn about concepts, theories and research in queer pedagogy. Furthermore, they will receive good insight into queer theory. Students will acquire critical view of schools and education and gain insight intof the reality of queer youth.

Topics include the concepts of gender, sexuality, intersectionality, masculinity, femininity, gender binary, heteronormativity and cisnormativity. Students gain insight into the main subject matters of queer pedagogy and the ways in which this field can shed light on education, pedagogy, leisure, and and society. The approach will be in the spirit of queer theory and social constructivist perspective, which will be employed to explain different views on gender, gender identity and queer sexuality. The course examines how the Icelandic school system directly and indirectly maintains a wide variety of discrimination and sustains institutionlized heternormativity and cisnormativity. New research, domestic and international, will be read, related to sexual orientation and gender identity. Furthermore, the course focuses on the training of future professionals working with children and teenagers in establishing a queer friendly atmosphere and incorporate queer realities into their work.

Issues, concepts and theories in the field of distance education will be explored. Development and trends will be examined from the emphasis on independent study to emphasis on social activities and shared knowledge construction online and global. The focus will also be on research on distance education at different school levels in Iceland and other countries, distance learners and their needs, and teaching methods with different types of media. The design of distance or online courses and programs will be explored as well as international standards for such courses.

Students participate in online synchronous and asynchronous discussion about theory and practice concerning distance education (DE), engage in problem-based learning (group work) and do an individual project that could involve design of a DE course, a study concerning DE, or a paper on topics related to DE.

The main aim of the course is to enable students to recognize the importance of current global social, political and economic changes to gain understanding of contemporary education policies. The aim is to explore, from different angles based on critical theories, the complex relationships between developments in policy at global, national, local and institutional levels. The emphasis is on the understanding of different forms of marketization in education, both externally through private sector participation in education and internally through the changes of the education system and governance towards business models.

Subject:
Education systems and –policies and their relationship with the social context in society and institutions will be discussed with the intersecting lenses of students‘ gender, social class, residence, (dis-)ability, and ethnicity. Important concepts as quality, choices, effectiveness and governance will be of discussion.

Work process:
Lectures and discussions in weekly-sessions. Students co-operate to put theories and concepts into practice for particular issues. Student assessment comprices of written assignments and a shorter research projects. Further details and guidance will be available during the course.

The course discusses factors that underpin and support global citizenship education. We will discuss the importance of citizens realizing that they have certain rights in society, as well as shared responsibilities and duties. Emphasis is placed on academic and policy related discussion of concepts such as globalization, citizenship, civic engagement, democracy, human rights, education and sustainability. Different approaches and definitions of global citizenship will be discussed, with an emphasis on critical approaches providing examples from international and national education, such as the United Nations' global goals and the fundamental pillars of Icelandic education. The spotlight will also be directed to the current situation of children and young people and how we learn and teach in the spirit of global citizenship.

The main aim of the course is that students get to know ideas and research on education in view of gender studies and the concept of gender. An overview of how ideas of gender and education have changed historically will be discussed as well as facts and critical viewpoints at all school levels. During the next academic year a special emphasis will be placed on the research and theoretical approach of selected researchers on girls and boys in schools and about the problems in education posed by the changing status of women at the time of globalization. Finally the focus will be on the Icelandic school system: the position, socialization and academic achievement of boys and girls; leaders and administrators; the national and school curriculum and the status of legalized education on gender equality at all school levels.

Objectives
The main objectives of the course is to provide students with basic knowledge of logic and other foundations of critical thinking. Also to provide them with understanding of the purpose of practicing philosophical discussions with childern and adults. Students will also gain understanding of the ideas of a community of inquiry developed by Matthew Lipman and its origin among the American pragmatists Charles S. Peirce, William James and John Dewey. Students will also get practice in directing philosophical discussions with a group of people using the tehniques that has been developed in philosophy for children.

Subject
In the course philosophical discussion as a teaching method will be explored drawing on the ideas of Matthew Lipman and other scholars in the field of philosophy for children. Special attention will be paid to the connection between the national curriculum of Iceland and the main objectives of philosophical discussons such as independend and critical thinking, creativity, toleerance, self-knowledge and preparation for life in a democratic society. Close attention will be paid to these concepts as they are dealt with in philosophy for children.

The course focuses on young people’s risk behavior (e.g. drug use, deviance, inconsistent school attendance) and resilience related to various pedagogical, social, educational, and psychological factors. Subjects dealt with in the course will for example be young people’s social development, communication skills, mental disorders, sexual reproductive health, trauma and their view on different challenges in their life. Different preventive measures will be discussed and the role of homes, schools and recreations in different preventions. A special focus is on developmental research that explores the relationship between developmental growth and risk behavior. Projects are designed to seek understanding on how young people perceive risk factors in their lives.

The course is offered as a distant education course. Teaching lessons will be recorded and put on the CANVAS education management system but if there is real time teaching then it will be recorded and put on CANVAS. Discussion lessons are once a week (60 min.) were students can choose between being in-house or online. The same goes for essay presentations which are at the end of the semester.

Ideas of inclusion, multicultural education, and special needs education are important factors for effective schools with diverse groups of students.

The main purpose of the course is to give students the opportunity to deepen their knowledge and understanding of research and theories in the field of inclusive education and multicultural studies in Iceland and in other countries.

Research and theories concerning the marginalization of children and youth in the school system will be discussed based on ideas about equity, equality, and human rights. Inclusive and multicultural education in a historical and international context, the status of minorities and refugees will also be discussed.

The term intersectionality draws attention to the fact that when variables such as race, language, religion, ethnicity, disability, and sexuality intersect, they have a cumulative effect on students' status.

The main subject of the course is syllabus design, teaching methods and assessment. Students become acquainted with the basics of teaching Icelandic, receive instruction in developing student assignment in Icelandic as well as basic training in assessing students work. The students' ability to work with the National curriculum will also be strengthened. Emphasis is placed on students learning methods to apply their theoretical knowledge of the discipline and using reflection to formulate and develop ideas about students' own teaching and learning. Assignments in the course are integrated with the practical training. Within the course students receive training in teaching and interacting with students and an introduction to school culture and working procedures. Each student is allotted a secondary school where they spend an allocated time under supervision during both autumn and spring terms.

The training is connected to the course Introduction to Teaching and Learning and these courses should be taken simultaneously.

The aim of the course is to give students an insight into main theories and research of learning and teaching (Icelandic and international). Main topics of the course are theories and research on learning and teaching, teachers' professionalism, teaching methods, and assessment.

The main field of work for graduates will be in upper secondary school, and this fact will determine the selection of learning tasks.

Students become acquainted with the structure of study programs and the goal setting of studies in their field. The aim is for the student teacher to be able to plan and prepare a course with a course description and learning outcomes with a connection to the learning level of learning, key skills and the basic elements of the education. Emphasis is placed on the growing demand in learning outcomes of Compulsory and Upper Secondary school level towards specialization with further studies in mind or participation in the business life of subjects that fall under arts and design. Assignments in the course are integrated with the practical training. Within the course students receive training in teaching and interacting with students and an introduction to school culture and working procedures. Each student is allotted a secondary school where they spend an allocated time under supervision during both autumn and spring terms.

The training is connected to the course Curriculum and School Development in Secondary Schools and these two courses should be taken simultaneously.

This course is about curriculum theory and educational policy with emphasis on the curriculum, student body and school development in Icelandic upper secondary schools.

Assignments are designed to enable students to work as professionals on the development of school practice, curricula, and policies.

The main purpose of the course is to give an overview of the syntax of the modern Scandinavian languages from a generative perspective. The emphasis is on the comparison of the Insular Scandinavian languages (Icelandic and Faroese) on the one hand and the Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) on the other. Aspects of the syntax of some lesser-known Scandinavian varieties is also included for comparison, including Övdalian (Swe. Älvalsmålet), for instance, which preserves certain inflectional and syntactic features of Old Norse that have disappeared from the Mainland Scandinavian standard languages. Selected topics in recent research on variation in Scandinavian syntax are covered and the students will be trained in designing and administering syntactic questionnaires.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

In this course, we will explore the various representations of women that appear in literature from earlier centuries, ranging from Norse mythology to folklore. We will examine women and female figures such as goddesses, Norns of fate, trolls (giantesses), Valkyries, shield-maidens, shape-shifting women, maiden kings, seeresses and sorceresses, learned women and nuns, holy virgins, courtly women and princesses, formidable women in the Sagas of Icelanders and legendary sagas, women in the Sturlunga saga, peasant women and female slaves, women writers, rebellious women, women in traditional ballads and sagnakvæði, women in Icelandic fairy tales, and hidden people (huldukonur). In all cases, we will examine the characteristics of these women, their roles in the narratives, their social status, and the societal framework created for them. We will read texts or excerpts where women play significant roles, as well as scholarly works and articles discussing women in Icelandic literature from earlier periods. This course aims to enhance students’ knowledge of women in Icelandic literary history and place them in a new and exciting comprehensive context.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

This seminar deals with the history of the inflectional system of Icelandic from Proto-Germanic to modern times with special emphasis on selected problems. Recent writings on Icelandic historical morphology will be discussed. We will study text examples and their value as sources of information on the development of Icelandic morphology. The development of Icelandic word formation and different types of compounds will also be discussed.

Assignments: Students will give presentations on text samples and/or particular morphological problems.

Training in various aspects of the writing and editing of scientific texts. Various kinds of texts (non-fiction) examined and evaluated. Training in reviewing and commenting on scientific texts and in other aspects of editorial work. The main emphasis will be on the writing of articles, but other kinds of texts will also be considered, both shorter (conference abstracts, reviews) and longer (theses, books), as well as research proposals. Discussion of guidelines for the preparation of manuscripts. Types of plagiarism and how to avoid them and find them. Texts on different subjects will be used as examples, especially writings in linguistics, literature and history. The book Skrifaðu bæði skýrt og rétt will be used as a textbook (Höskuldur Þráinsson 2015).

This course is open to students of many MA programmes in the School of Humanities, cf. the regulations of the individual subjects. Students in the MA programmes in Icelandic literature, Icelandic linguistics, Icelandic studies and Icelandic teaching can take the course as part of the MA course requirements in Icelandic literature or Icelandic linguistics. Students in the MA programme in Icelandic teaching can, however, not have this course as the only linguistics or literature course in their MA.

Faroeese is the language that has the strongest similarity to Icelandic among the Nordic languages but it has changed more than Icelandic with respect to phonology, inflections and syntax. Investigating Faroese is important for Icelandic linguistics because Faroese provides a unique perspective on how Icelandic could have changed or may change in the next centuries.

This course will give an overview of the grammar of Faroese (phonology, inflections, word-formation and syntax) in comparison to Icelandic and the other Nordic languages. Language changes, dialects and foreign influence on Faroese will also be discussed. Moreover, students will get some training in listening to spoken Faroese.

The main purpose of the course is to give an overview of the syntax of the modern Scandinavian languages from a generative perspective. The emphasis is on the comparison of the Insular Scandinavian languages (Icelandic and Faroese) on the one hand and the Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) on the other. Aspects of the syntax of some lesser-known Scandinavian varieties is also included for comparison, including Övdalian (Swe. Älvalsmålet), for instance, which preserves certain inflectional and syntactic features of Old Norse that have disappeared from the Mainland Scandinavian standard languages. Selected topics in recent research on variation in Scandinavian syntax are covered and the students will be trained in designing and administering syntactic questionnaires.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

The main purpose of the course is to give an overview of the syntax of the modern Scandinavian languages from a generative perspective. The emphasis is on the comparison of the Insular Scandinavian languages (Icelandic and Faroese) on the one hand and the Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) on the other. Aspects of the syntax of some lesser-known Scandinavian varieties is also included for comparison, including Övdalian (Swe. Älvalsmålet), for instance, which preserves certain inflectional and syntactic features of Old Norse that have disappeared from the Mainland Scandinavian standard languages. Selected topics in recent research on variation in Scandinavian syntax are covered and the students will be trained in designing and administering syntactic questionnaires.

This 10 credit course will present different theoretical approaches to the sagas about early Icelanders (Íslendingasögur). A selection of these sagas (Egils saga, Eyrbyggja saga and Grettis saga) will be read and analysed. Different interpretations of them will be discussed. Special attention will be given to the interaction between prose and poetry in the sagas, as well as to the production of meaning, particularly in relation to the period in which they were composed.

Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary field of study that bridges medicine and the humanities, particularly literature, by focusing on narratives and the human body. This course explores key concepts and ideas in the medical humanities, examining the insights that literature and film offer into topics such as illness, pain, emotions, trauma, grief, and the relationships between patients and healthcare professionals. Central to the course is an exploration of the role of narrative in medicine, including an analysis of diverse narrative forms and the contrasting languages used by patients and doctors. Discussions will also cover the connections between storytelling and empathy, as well as how experiences of illness and trauma shape narratives. Emphasis will be placed on the phenomenology of illness, medical case studies, patient narratives, and the symbolic and cultural dimensions of illness as reflected in literature, film, and other art forms. Works analyzed in the course will include the novels Ból by Steinunn Sigurðardóttir, Stóri skjálfti by Auður Jónsdóttir, Lífsmörk by Ari Jóhannesson, Krabbaveislan by Hlynur Grímson; the films Still Alice, Wit, and Eiðurinn; as well as the autobiographies Ótuktin by Anna Pálína Árnadóttir and Ástin, dauðinn og drekinn by Vilborg Davíðsdóttir.

Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary field of study that bridges medicine and the humanities, particularly literature, by focusing on narratives and the human body. This course explores key concepts and ideas in the medical humanities, examining the insights that literature and film offer into topics such as illness, pain, emotions, trauma, grief, and the relationships between patients and healthcare professionals. Central to the course is an exploration of the role of narrative in medicine, including an analysis of diverse narrative forms and the contrasting languages used by patients and doctors. Discussions will also cover the connections between storytelling and empathy, as well as how experiences of illness and trauma shape narratives. Emphasis will be placed on the phenomenology of illness, medical case studies, patient narratives, and the symbolic and cultural dimensions of illness as reflected in literature, film, and other art forms. Works analyzed in the course will include the novels Ból by Steinunn Sigurðardóttir, Stóri skjálfti by Auður Jónsdóttir, Lífsmörk by Ari Jóhannesson, Krabbaveislan by Hlynur Grímson; the films Still Alice, Wit, and Eiðurinn; as well as the autobiographies Ótuktin by Anna Pálína Árnadóttir and Ástin, dauðinn og drekinn by Vilborg Davíðsdóttir.

This course provides an overview of Icelandic manuscript culture. Students will get practical training in reading Icelandic manuscripts from different periods, from the earliest extant Icelandic vellums dating to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries down to the paper manuscripts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The origins of the Icelandic script will be discussed as well as its development over time, and students will get practical training in reading different types of script from different periods. The orthography of medieval manuscripts differs considerably from the modern orthography. It includes a system of abbreviations that is partly inherited from a much earlier Latin tradition. Students will get practical training in interpreting these abbreviations. The Icelandic language has also changed over time, and different manifestations of these language changes appear when reading and examining Icelandic texts from different periods. A selection of these changes will be discussed. Changes in script, orthography, and language provide valuable indications of the date of the manuscript, and students will get practical training in dating medieval Icelandic manuscripts based on script, orthography, and language.

Various aspects of medieval book production will be discussed, including the making of parchment and ink, and book binding. Scribes and scribal schools will be discussed as well as probable centres of book production in medieval Iceland. The works of some prolific scribes in the fourteenth century will be examined. What did they write? How did they write? Did they change their practice over a long scribal career? The texts contained by the manuscripts will also be examined and the basics of textual criticism introduced. Njáls saga, for instance, has survived in over sixty manuscripts with considerable textual variation. Which manuscript should then constitute the basis for a printed edition of Njáls saga? Different types of printed editions will be discussed, and students try their hand at editing a medieval text. The electronic editing of pre-modern texts will be introduced, and students will get practical training in mark-up with XML according to the guidelines of the Medieval Nordic Text Archive (MENOTA) and the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (MUFI).

The course is taught through a combination of lectures and workshops with considerable student engagement. Many of the lectures will be pre-recorded allowing more time in the classroom for discussion and student contributions.

The course is run in cooperation with the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies which has the custody of the largest single collection of Icelandic medieval manuscripts. Students will visit the institute to learn about its collections and facilities and to examine manuscripts.

Course synopsis

Week 1
(1) Introduction
The course: format, readings, requirements and assessment.
The subject matter: Medieval Icelandic manuscripts.

(2) The earliest Icelandic manuscripts
A sketch of the history of the Latin script and the earliest writings in Icelandic. Where did Icelanders learn to use the Latin alphabet? Which orthography did they employ? Some main characteristics of medieval orthography and the use of abbreviations.

Week 2
(3) Electronic editing of medieval texts
How can medieval texts be presented electronically? The XML mark-up language, TEI, MENOTA, MUFI, and related matters. We will try our hand at electronic editing.

(4) The earliest Icelandic orthography and the First Grammatical Treatise
The use of the Latin alphabet for writing Icelandic: challenges — and the solutions proposed by the author of the First Grammatical Treatise in the middle of the twelfth century.

Week 3
(5) Icelandic script and orthography in the thirteenth century
The difference between Icelandic and Norwegian orthography in the twelfth century. What changed in the course of the thirteenth century?

(6) Different types of print editions: scholarly editions
How accurate should printed editions be? Should every little detail in the manuscript be reproduced? What is “Classical Old Icelandic Normalized Orthography”? What are the needs of the readers? What is the role of the editor?

Week 4
(7) Norwegian influence on script, orthography, and language in Icelandic manuscripts
What is the manifestation of this Norwegian influence? How deep-rooted was it? How long did it last?

(8) The dating of manuscripts: script, orthography, and language
How can medieval Icelandic manuscripts be dated? Features of script, orthography, and language that can be helpful for dating.

Week 5
(9) Icelandic script and orthography in the fourteenth century
Main characteristics and their development.

(10) One scribal hand or many?
Distinguishing different scribal hands: some criteria. The Icelandic Homily Book from around 1200: One scribe or fourteen?

Week 6
(11) Book production: parchment, ink, binding — and conservation
From animal skin to parchment. How was the ink produced? Book design and book binding. The care and conservation of medieval manuscripts.

(12) Book production: parchment, ink, binding — and conservation
A visit to the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies.

— STUDY WEEK —

Week 7
(13) Scribes, scribal milieus, the export of books
On prolific scribes, scribal collaboration, and extensive production of books. Were books produced in Iceland for export in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

(14) Icelandic script and orthography in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
Main characteristics and their development.

Week 8
(15) Textual criticism
On the transmission of texts through copying. Textual variation, manuscript classification, and stemmatology.

(16) Textual criticism
Comparing manuscripts and collecting variants.

Week 9
(17) Manuscript illumination
On illuminated manuscripts, historiated initials, artists and their models.

(18) Manuscript catalogues and cataloguing
We will familiarize ourselves with the most important manuscript catalogues and learn about the principles of manuscript cataloguing.

Week 10
(19) Icelandic script and orthography in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Main characteristics and their development.

(20) The transmission of the text: a relic or a living text?
How did the language change when a scribe copied from an old exemplar? Njáls saga is believed to have been written towards the end of the thirteenth century. What is the language of Njáls saga in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century manuscripts?

Week 11
(21) Antiquarianism, manuscript collectors, and copyists
The sixteenth century saw the rise of interest in antiquities, old manuscripts were collected and copied.

(22) Different types of print editions: popular editions
How is a pre-modern text best presented to the modern reader? Should archaic features of language and orthography be retained or should they be updated? On the allegiance to the manuscript and allegiance to the reader.

Week 12
(23) Manuscript collections and manuscript collectors
The life and work of Árni Magnússon.

(24) The manuscript dispute and the return of the manuscripts to Iceland
The search for Codex Scardensis and a nerve-racking auction in London. The custody dispute with Denmark and the return of the manuscripts to Iceland 1971–1997.

— This synopsis may be subject to change. —

Readings

The reading list is on the course website on Canvas. It consists of readings in several languages, including English, Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian, German, and French. The reading list is (often) divided into three main sections:

(a) Required readings: Texts that everyone is required to read. These are all in English.

(b) Optional supplementary readings: These are optional readings for those who want a more in-depth discussion. Most of these readings are in English, but not all.

(c) For those who still want more: A variety of optional readings in several languages, not least in Icelandic, for those who still want more. This section is mostly for reference purposes and as a tool for further research.

Many of the required readings (and some of the optional readings) are found on the Canvas course website. Other reading materials are available in the institute library in the Árni Magnússon Institute in Edda and the University Library (Háskólabókasafn) in the Þjóðarbókhlaða.

Prerequisites
Some skills in Icelandic are essential to fully benefit from the course, as emphasis will be placed on practical training in reading and transcribing text from medieval Icelandic manuscripts. MIS105F Old Icelandic 1 or equivalent study of Old Icelandic is sufficient or some skills in Modern Icelandic. Please, consult the instructor if in doubt.

Course format
The course is taught through a combination of lectures and workshops with considerable student engagement. Many of the lectures will be prerecorded allowing more time in the classroom for discussion and student contributions (flipped classroom).

Working language: This course is open to students with different linguistic backgrounds, and there are two working languages, English and Icelandic. Pre-recorded lectures are in both English and Icelandic (except for guest lecturers who will present in English), written assignments are in both English and Icelandic, and reading materials are in English, Icelandic and the Scandinavian languages, but for those who cannot read Icelandic or the Scan-dinavian languages, all required readings are in English. English is the main working language in the classroom, but questions and contributions to class discussion may also be in Icelandic. — See a separate note on the working languages and the classroom arrangement.

Course requirements and assessment
The final grade for the course will be based on:

(1) Transcription assignments: 30%
(2) Manuscript catalogue assignment: 10%
(3) Manuscript dating assignment: 10%
(4) Presentation: manuscript of the day: 10%
(5) Research paper: 30%
(6) Class participation: 10%

All written assignments will be submitted through Canvas. More detailed instructions and information on deadlines is found on Canvas.

Recent years have seen an increased focus on data collection and statistical analysis within the humanities. This is particularly apparent in growing branches such as psycholinguistics, cognitive literary studies and experimental philosophy, to name a few. The push towards quantitative methods occurs at a time where the validity and reliability of well-established statistical methods are called into question in other fields, with increased demands of replicability and open access as well as data protection and responsibility. In this course, students explore the value of quantitative methods in their field while getting training in the collection and analysis of data. A diverse set of research methods will be introduced, ranging from surveys to corpus analysis and experiments in which participants’ response to stimuli (such as words, texts or audio-visual materials) is quantified. Basic concepts in statistics will be reviewed, enabling students to know the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics, understand statistical significance and interpret visual representations of data in graphs. The course will be largely practical and students are expected to apply their knowledge of data collection and analysis under the instructor’s guidance. Students will work on a project within their own discipline but will also explore the possibility of cross-disciplinary work. Open source tools such as R Studio will be used for all assignments but no prior knowledge of the software or statistics in general is required. The course is suitable for all students within the humanities who want to collect quantitative data to answer interesting questions and could therefore be a useful preparation for a BA or MA project.

The course will introduce and discuss topics and methods in etymological research. Different types of etymological dictionaries will be compared. Examples from Icelandic will be discussed, i.e., the history of particular words and the information that etymological dictionaries provide on their development.

In this seminar some Eddic poems will be read and their language examined. Features which cast light on the age of the poems will be given particular attention. The evidence of the Eddic poems will be compared with that from other linguistic sources. Various methods of dating the Eddic poems will be discussed.

In the course, the student's task consists in being a mentor for participants that are upper secondary school students and university students in the project "Sprettur". Mentors' main role is to support and encourage participants in their studies and social life. As well as creating a constructive relationship with the participants, being a positive role model, and participating in events organized in Sprettur. The mentor role centers around building relationships and spending meaningful time together with the commitment to support participants. 

Sprettur is a project that supports students with an immigrant or refugee background who come from families with little or no university education. The students in this course are mentors of the participants and are paired together based on a common field of interest. Each mentor is responsible for supporting two participants. Mentors plan activities with participants and spend three hours a month (from August to May) with Sprettur’s participants, three hours a month in a study group and attend five seminars that are spread over the school year. Students submit journal entries on Canvas in November and March. Diary entries are based on reading material and students' reflections on the mentorship. Compulsory attendance in events, study groups, and seminars. The course is taught in Icelandic and English. 

Students must apply for a seat in the course. Applicants go through an interview process and 15-30 students are selected to participate. 

See the digital application form. 

More information about Sprettur can be found here: www.hi.is/sprettur  

In this course, different types and genres of literary texts will be read and analysed, as a practical base for creative writing of various kinds - with the needs of the school teacher of literature and writing in mind.

The aim is to enable the student to gain a general understanding of the latest knowledge, theories, ideologies, concepts and methods in the field of language and instruction in grammar, giving a special attention to the situation in Iceland.

Terms like language policy, language planning, standard language and language usage are addressed, and conventional ideas about right and wrong language use are put into question. In addition, different positions towards gender neutral language will be discussed as well as opposing views about official naming policies. Current teaching material will be examined considering such ideas.

The main emphasis will be put on how to get young people to reflect on their responsibility in maintaining the language, while urging them to be tolerant towards other people’s language use. Students also get training in leading discussions on controversial language matters.

An important discussion will take place about the language policy in Iceland pertaining to neologism as a reaction to foreign language influence. Students will be prepared to use neologism as part of their teaching.

The course aims to prepare participants to draw on their resources in their work with diverse groups of students. In the course, we draw on inclusive education theories and research, emphasizing a holistic and creative approach to preparation and teaching at the forefront. Furthermore, a focus is put on teaching strategies and educative assessment that works for diverse groups of students, and adapting teaching and learning to students with special needs.

Content
The focus of the course is on inclusive practices. How to create a learning environment that cares for all students learning is introduced. The focus is also on collaboration with parents, colleagues, professionals, and paraprofessionals. 

Work process
The course is a blended course online and on campus. It is divided into four main themes. All the themes connect to teaching in inclusive educational settings. The focus on each theme is three or four weeks.

The teaching is through lectures, projects, collaboration, discussions in class, on canvas, and in formal assignments. The course is grounded in students' independence, responsibility, and participation.

The content of the course will be centred around contemporary themes in the sociology and philosophy of education. We will discuss the sociological or philosophical aspects of current issues in society such as equality, multiculturalism, social class, pedagogy, democracy and inclusive education. 

During the first half of the semester theoretical approaches are presented and discussed.

During the second half students work in groups on self-chosen topics and are guided through developing a research plan or development projects using the theories presented before mid-semester.

This course is a general introduction to Adult and Continuing education. Through the course participants will familiarize themselves with research on the charcteristics of adult learners, theories on adult learning, the societal place of adult education, participation in adult learning activities and the effects of adult development on their learning endevours.

The course aims are that participants acquaint themselves with research and theories of adult learning with the aim of informing practice and to rationalize choices and actions when organizing learning events and working with adults.

Coursework: Blended learning with face to face sessions and online collaborations: Discussions, lectures, individual assignments and group projects.

Missing

The course focuses on:

• the effects of information and communications technology (ICT) on education and schools
• ICT-related policy, curriculum and school practice
• Concepts, theories and research related to the use of ICT in schools
• technology integration in schools
• teaching methods, professional development of teachers, software and digital learning materials
• students' and teachers' digital competence, ICT skills, and media literacy
• ICT as part of everyday life

Approach:
Reading and discussion about curriculum, policy, theory, research and practice. Students work alone or in smaller groups on literature research and introduce various topics of their choice. They share their ideas and experiences of ICT uses in learning and teaching and contribute to the construction of a learning and professional community in the area of ICT in education.

The purpose of this course is to assist students in understanding some major concepts, theories, and models of  development in educational settings with a focus on the enhancment of cultural conditions in order to encourage improvement. Students are expected to become competent in organising, planning and leading institutional development projects. The course is based on theories about schools and other related institutions as learning communities.

Ways of working
The course is structured in eight parts in distance learning. Two days are on campus during the term. Beside that students read and discuss online. They are also invited to participate in workshops on campus. Assignments are practical and linked with daily work. Student collaboration and discussions is emphases.

Aim: The goal of the course is to provide students with a good understanding of diversity in society and school, and get a better understanding of individuals and groups that are marginalised in society. Students will also learn about various forms, origins, and consequences of exclusion and stigmatization.

Students will also be able to use ethical concepts in their fieldwork, and be able to relate concepts of professionalism and professions to ethical and historical contexts. Special emphasis is on the ability of students to reflect on their own attitudes and work in light of ethical concepts such as autonomy, respect, dignity, trust and care, social justice and social discrimination, social capital, and empowerment.

Subject matter: The main subject of the course is social diversity and the status of marginalised individuals and groups. The course is divided into three parts where the first two parts are based on theoretical discussion of history and ethics, while in the third part students are expected to use those theoretical foundations from the previous parts to reflect on the field and their own attitudes.

The course is a free elective and is intended for those who are studying to become special educators or upper secondary school teachers. The aim of the course is for students to gain insight into the organization and implementation of support for upper secondary school students who are entitled to teaching and special educational support in accordance with assessed SEN. Theories and research in the field of education support and special education in upper secondary schools will be discussed, which will able participants to apply in their own teaching. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary approach and collaboration. Students are introduced to the support services available within the college to support students with special needs or disabilities.

The course gives an overview of research with children and young people, in order to understand their views and experiences as they participate in research. These methods build on ideas about early childhood education, manly coming from sociology, where early childhood is seen as a specific research area and linked to research with young people and other groups in danger of being marginalized. Furthermore, building on postmodern ideas, seeing children as strong and competent, having own perspectives towards social issues. and also in relation to the movement of working towards children’s rights as citizens.

Aims for students to:
Understand the theoretical ides and views underpinning research with children. Students:

• Gain knowledge and understanding about the challenges and solutions researchers face as they in research work with children and young people, in matters such as relations and interaction, informed consent, confidentiality and protection.
• Gain knowledge and understanding on the performance of research with children and young people.
• Are able to apply theoretical approach as planning projects and research.

During the course, the challenges meeting researchers, as doing research with children and young people, will be discussed. Ideology and ethical issues will be addressed

This course connects sociological and transdisciplinary theories and research on youth, youth culture, transitions and education. The concept of youth refers to a diverse age group and is dependant on societies and historical context, but in our post-modern times refers to the ages 16-25. Youth and their circumstances will be studied from various sociological and related academic perspectives; an emphasis will be placed on a transdiciplinary educational view. The term transition to adulthood referred, until the 1990‘s, to youth moving from the educational systems into the workplace, but has since taken a broader view to include among other things family context,  social engagement and inclusion.

In this course the focus is on recent research on youth transitions in different societies and by socio-cultural backgrounds, emphasizing research on  Icelandic and Nordic youth. The division between the public and the private is getting more and more blurry and the transition in the private life is no less important for future well-being in the marketized and globalized digital world. Youth transition is therefore explored through three main systems;  a) The education system of secondary and higher  education, b) participation in the labour force and c) the system of sexuality.

In this module different approaches to the question of how critical theories can be used to better understand educational institutions, practices and policies will be explored.  The theoretical framework will draw on critical theory scholarship (including but not limited to critical race theory, critical feminist theory, queer theory and critical disability studies) to develop critical education lens with an emphasis on intersectionality and social justice. Educational policies and curricula will be analysed and placed in a human rights context. Special emphasis is placed on how this knowledge can be applied in a broad range of educational settings.

Critical Theories is a required course for graduate students the Department of International studies in education in the Faculty of Education and Diversity at the University of Iceland.

In this course participants learn how to design learning interventions for adults. Its main objectives are that participants can individually or with a group, design courses or other learning events for adults.

During the course participants deal with most aspects of designing, organizing and implementing learning events organized for adults, ranging from learning needs asessment through design to teaching and evaluation. However with the main focus being on the design and implementation of the learning intervention.

The course is carried out in a blended form, a mix of face to face sessions and collaborative online work.

Students will read different literary text which are well suited to the task of opening up discussions about the fundamental pillars of education as they are defined in the National Curriculum Guide for Compulory Schools (2013). These are: Literacy, Sustainability, Democracy and Human rights, Equality, Health and Wellfare and Creativity.

The reading list will reflect three main themes that are connected with the fundamental pillars. The reading material will also provide students with general competences in literature, language and expression. The three main themes are important for students from all departments within The School of Education. They are:

1. Children and Development
2. Equality
3. Cultural Heritage and Society

The keywords of the course are: Literacy, vocabulary and interpretive skills

In this course the focus is on Icelandic as a second language and the education of multilingual students in Icelandic compulsory schools. Language acquisition and language upbringing will be examined and the difference between acquiring skills in a first and a second language. The emphases will be on what it is that teachers in general need to know about the Icelandic language to be able to help their students make progress in the subject being taught.

The structure of the Icelandic language system, pronunciation, word formation, inflections, sentence structure, meaning of words and phrases, the three layers of the vocabulary, and various things related to language use will be studied. The purpose is to figure out what is most likely to be demanding for multilingual students in preschools who are acquiring the language, both in general but also due to personal differences, such as different first languages.

Based on this special attention will be paid to the teaching of different subjects and how they can be planned, taking in account students’ different level of Icelandic. Important aspect of that is how subject texts can be simplified to fit the needs of multilingual students.

The goal of this course is twofold. On the one hand different methods of teaching literature will be introduced with an emphasis on diversity and different ways of connecting literature with various subjects. The course will explore how the methods of literary analysis and criticism can be used to open up literary texts in the classroom and help pupils to put them into the context of their everyday liver. Through literature and literary analysis different eras, cultures, nationalities, languages and personalities can be explored. 

On the other hand the course will focus on the teaching of literature in Icelandic elementary schools, the goals of the national curriculum, the role of the study of literature and its part in general education. The selection of literary texts for teaching in the school system will be studied as well as the criteria for such selection in Iceland and in other countries. 

This course deals with the spectrum of teaching methods from direct and formal approaches to informal methods. Emphasis is put on theoretical underpinnings and research on teaching methods, especially Icelandic research. Special attention is put on examining differentiated and responsive approaches (such as the open school concept, flexible teaching, cooperation, multi-age teaching, problem-based learning, holistic education, project-based learning, negotiating the curriculum and authentic learning).

Objectives
The objectives of the course are threefold. First, to provide insight into selected learning theories. Second, to enable  students to gain understanding of how these theories can be applied to upbringing, teaching, and the organization of learning for people of all ages. Third, to increase knowledge of research on the effects of different approaches to teaching and evidence-based practices to reach a variety of learning objectives.   

Content

• Among the main learning theories covered in the course are those from the cognitive, behavioural, and motivational domains.
• Main concepts related to the learning theories will be introduced and discussed in relation to how learning can be defined in different ways.
• Students will read research articles where these learning theories are studied and applied in practice.
• Emphasis will be placed on understanding what constitutes evidence-based practice. 
• Students will design a learning plan for a student or a group of students, based upon one of the learning theories approaches discussed in the course. Through this assignment the students will deepen their understanding of the learning theory in question and how to apply it in practice. 

This is an introductory course addressing theoretical, philosophical and practical issues related to action research. The history and development of action research worldwide will be outlined. We will take a look at ideologies and issues that divide action researchers into different camps. A special attention will be on action research in Icelandic schools an other educational forums, how it has developed until now and how it might be taken further. The main emphasis  in the course is on learning in action: The participants will learn about action research through the process of conducting their own research project.

Objective: The objective of the course is that students learn about concepts, theories and research in queer pedagogy. Furthermore, they will receive good insight into queer theory. Students will acquire critical view of schools and education and gain insight intof the reality of queer youth.

Topics include the concepts of gender, sexuality, intersectionality, masculinity, femininity, gender binary, heteronormativity and cisnormativity. Students gain insight into the main subject matters of queer pedagogy and the ways in which this field can shed light on education, pedagogy, leisure, and and society. The approach will be in the spirit of queer theory and social constructivist perspective, which will be employed to explain different views on gender, gender identity and queer sexuality. The course examines how the Icelandic school system directly and indirectly maintains a wide variety of discrimination and sustains institutionlized heternormativity and cisnormativity. New research, domestic and international, will be read, related to sexual orientation and gender identity. Furthermore, the course focuses on the training of future professionals working with children and teenagers in establishing a queer friendly atmosphere and incorporate queer realities into their work.

Issues, concepts and theories in the field of distance education will be explored. Development and trends will be examined from the emphasis on independent study to emphasis on social activities and shared knowledge construction online and global. The focus will also be on research on distance education at different school levels in Iceland and other countries, distance learners and their needs, and teaching methods with different types of media. The design of distance or online courses and programs will be explored as well as international standards for such courses.

Students participate in online synchronous and asynchronous discussion about theory and practice concerning distance education (DE), engage in problem-based learning (group work) and do an individual project that could involve design of a DE course, a study concerning DE, or a paper on topics related to DE.

The main aim of the course is to enable students to recognize the importance of current global social, political and economic changes to gain understanding of contemporary education policies. The aim is to explore, from different angles based on critical theories, the complex relationships between developments in policy at global, national, local and institutional levels. The emphasis is on the understanding of different forms of marketization in education, both externally through private sector participation in education and internally through the changes of the education system and governance towards business models.

Subject:
Education systems and –policies and their relationship with the social context in society and institutions will be discussed with the intersecting lenses of students‘ gender, social class, residence, (dis-)ability, and ethnicity. Important concepts as quality, choices, effectiveness and governance will be of discussion.

Work process:
Lectures and discussions in weekly-sessions. Students co-operate to put theories and concepts into practice for particular issues. Student assessment comprices of written assignments and a shorter research projects. Further details and guidance will be available during the course.

The course discusses factors that underpin and support global citizenship education. We will discuss the importance of citizens realizing that they have certain rights in society, as well as shared responsibilities and duties. Emphasis is placed on academic and policy related discussion of concepts such as globalization, citizenship, civic engagement, democracy, human rights, education and sustainability. Different approaches and definitions of global citizenship will be discussed, with an emphasis on critical approaches providing examples from international and national education, such as the United Nations' global goals and the fundamental pillars of Icelandic education. The spotlight will also be directed to the current situation of children and young people and how we learn and teach in the spirit of global citizenship.

The main aim of the course is that students get to know ideas and research on education in view of gender studies and the concept of gender. An overview of how ideas of gender and education have changed historically will be discussed as well as facts and critical viewpoints at all school levels. During the next academic year a special emphasis will be placed on the research and theoretical approach of selected researchers on girls and boys in schools and about the problems in education posed by the changing status of women at the time of globalization. Finally the focus will be on the Icelandic school system: the position, socialization and academic achievement of boys and girls; leaders and administrators; the national and school curriculum and the status of legalized education on gender equality at all school levels.

Objectives
The main objectives of the course is to provide students with basic knowledge of logic and other foundations of critical thinking. Also to provide them with understanding of the purpose of practicing philosophical discussions with childern and adults. Students will also gain understanding of the ideas of a community of inquiry developed by Matthew Lipman and its origin among the American pragmatists Charles S. Peirce, William James and John Dewey. Students will also get practice in directing philosophical discussions with a group of people using the tehniques that has been developed in philosophy for children.

Subject
In the course philosophical discussion as a teaching method will be explored drawing on the ideas of Matthew Lipman and other scholars in the field of philosophy for children. Special attention will be paid to the connection between the national curriculum of Iceland and the main objectives of philosophical discussons such as independend and critical thinking, creativity, toleerance, self-knowledge and preparation for life in a democratic society. Close attention will be paid to these concepts as they are dealt with in philosophy for children.

The course focuses on young people’s risk behavior (e.g. drug use, deviance, inconsistent school attendance) and resilience related to various pedagogical, social, educational, and psychological factors. Subjects dealt with in the course will for example be young people’s social development, communication skills, mental disorders, sexual reproductive health, trauma and their view on different challenges in their life. Different preventive measures will be discussed and the role of homes, schools and recreations in different preventions. A special focus is on developmental research that explores the relationship between developmental growth and risk behavior. Projects are designed to seek understanding on how young people perceive risk factors in their lives.

The course is offered as a distant education course. Teaching lessons will be recorded and put on the CANVAS education management system but if there is real time teaching then it will be recorded and put on CANVAS. Discussion lessons are once a week (60 min.) were students can choose between being in-house or online. The same goes for essay presentations which are at the end of the semester.

Ideas of inclusion, multicultural education, and special needs education are important factors for effective schools with diverse groups of students.

The main purpose of the course is to give students the opportunity to deepen their knowledge and understanding of research and theories in the field of inclusive education and multicultural studies in Iceland and in other countries.

Research and theories concerning the marginalization of children and youth in the school system will be discussed based on ideas about equity, equality, and human rights. Inclusive and multicultural education in a historical and international context, the status of minorities and refugees will also be discussed.

The term intersectionality draws attention to the fact that when variables such as race, language, religion, ethnicity, disability, and sexuality intersect, they have a cumulative effect on students' status.

The main subject of the course is syllabus design, teaching methods and assessment. Students become acquainted with the basics of teaching Icelandic, receive instruction in developing student assignment in Icelandic as well as basic training in assessing students work. The students' ability to work with the National curriculum will also be strengthened. Emphasis is placed on students learning methods to apply their theoretical knowledge of the discipline and using reflection to formulate and develop ideas about students' own teaching and learning. Assignments in the course are integrated with the practical training. Within the course students receive training in teaching and interacting with students and an introduction to school culture and working procedures. Each student is allotted a secondary school where they spend an allocated time under supervision during both autumn and spring terms.

The training is connected to the course Introduction to Teaching and Learning and these courses should be taken simultaneously.

The aim of the course is to give students an insight into main theories and research of learning and teaching (Icelandic and international). Main topics of the course are theories and research on learning and teaching, teachers' professionalism, teaching methods, and assessment.

The main field of work for graduates will be in upper secondary school, and this fact will determine the selection of learning tasks.

Students become acquainted with the structure of study programs and the goal setting of studies in their field. The aim is for the student teacher to be able to plan and prepare a course with a course description and learning outcomes with a connection to the learning level of learning, key skills and the basic elements of the education. Emphasis is placed on the growing demand in learning outcomes of Compulsory and Upper Secondary school level towards specialization with further studies in mind or participation in the business life of subjects that fall under arts and design. Assignments in the course are integrated with the practical training. Within the course students receive training in teaching and interacting with students and an introduction to school culture and working procedures. Each student is allotted a secondary school where they spend an allocated time under supervision during both autumn and spring terms.

The training is connected to the course Curriculum and School Development in Secondary Schools and these two courses should be taken simultaneously.

This course is about curriculum theory and educational policy with emphasis on the curriculum, student body and school development in Icelandic upper secondary schools.

Assignments are designed to enable students to work as professionals on the development of school practice, curricula, and policies.

The main purpose of the course is to give an overview of the syntax of the modern Scandinavian languages from a generative perspective. The emphasis is on the comparison of the Insular Scandinavian languages (Icelandic and Faroese) on the one hand and the Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) on the other. Aspects of the syntax of some lesser-known Scandinavian varieties is also included for comparison, including Övdalian (Swe. Älvalsmålet), for instance, which preserves certain inflectional and syntactic features of Old Norse that have disappeared from the Mainland Scandinavian standard languages. Selected topics in recent research on variation in Scandinavian syntax are covered and the students will be trained in designing and administering syntactic questionnaires.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

In this course, we will explore the various representations of women that appear in literature from earlier centuries, ranging from Norse mythology to folklore. We will examine women and female figures such as goddesses, Norns of fate, trolls (giantesses), Valkyries, shield-maidens, shape-shifting women, maiden kings, seeresses and sorceresses, learned women and nuns, holy virgins, courtly women and princesses, formidable women in the Sagas of Icelanders and legendary sagas, women in the Sturlunga saga, peasant women and female slaves, women writers, rebellious women, women in traditional ballads and sagnakvæði, women in Icelandic fairy tales, and hidden people (huldukonur). In all cases, we will examine the characteristics of these women, their roles in the narratives, their social status, and the societal framework created for them. We will read texts or excerpts where women play significant roles, as well as scholarly works and articles discussing women in Icelandic literature from earlier periods. This course aims to enhance students’ knowledge of women in Icelandic literary history and place them in a new and exciting comprehensive context.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

This seminar deals with the history of the inflectional system of Icelandic from Proto-Germanic to modern times with special emphasis on selected problems. Recent writings on Icelandic historical morphology will be discussed. We will study text examples and their value as sources of information on the development of Icelandic morphology. The development of Icelandic word formation and different types of compounds will also be discussed.

Assignments: Students will give presentations on text samples and/or particular morphological problems.

Training in various aspects of the writing and editing of scientific texts. Various kinds of texts (non-fiction) examined and evaluated. Training in reviewing and commenting on scientific texts and in other aspects of editorial work. The main emphasis will be on the writing of articles, but other kinds of texts will also be considered, both shorter (conference abstracts, reviews) and longer (theses, books), as well as research proposals. Discussion of guidelines for the preparation of manuscripts. Types of plagiarism and how to avoid them and find them. Texts on different subjects will be used as examples, especially writings in linguistics, literature and history. The book Skrifaðu bæði skýrt og rétt will be used as a textbook (Höskuldur Þráinsson 2015).

This course is open to students of many MA programmes in the School of Humanities, cf. the regulations of the individual subjects. Students in the MA programmes in Icelandic literature, Icelandic linguistics, Icelandic studies and Icelandic teaching can take the course as part of the MA course requirements in Icelandic literature or Icelandic linguistics. Students in the MA programme in Icelandic teaching can, however, not have this course as the only linguistics or literature course in their MA.

Faroeese is the language that has the strongest similarity to Icelandic among the Nordic languages but it has changed more than Icelandic with respect to phonology, inflections and syntax. Investigating Faroese is important for Icelandic linguistics because Faroese provides a unique perspective on how Icelandic could have changed or may change in the next centuries.

This course will give an overview of the grammar of Faroese (phonology, inflections, word-formation and syntax) in comparison to Icelandic and the other Nordic languages. Language changes, dialects and foreign influence on Faroese will also be discussed. Moreover, students will get some training in listening to spoken Faroese.

The main purpose of the course is to give an overview of the syntax of the modern Scandinavian languages from a generative perspective. The emphasis is on the comparison of the Insular Scandinavian languages (Icelandic and Faroese) on the one hand and the Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) on the other. Aspects of the syntax of some lesser-known Scandinavian varieties is also included for comparison, including Övdalian (Swe. Älvalsmålet), for instance, which preserves certain inflectional and syntactic features of Old Norse that have disappeared from the Mainland Scandinavian standard languages. Selected topics in recent research on variation in Scandinavian syntax are covered and the students will be trained in designing and administering syntactic questionnaires.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

The student chooses a subject in consultation with a teacher, who takes on the role of a supervisor. Together they draw up a reading list and define the project output.

The main purpose of the course is to give an overview of the syntax of the modern Scandinavian languages from a generative perspective. The emphasis is on the comparison of the Insular Scandinavian languages (Icelandic and Faroese) on the one hand and the Mainland Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish) on the other. Aspects of the syntax of some lesser-known Scandinavian varieties is also included for comparison, including Övdalian (Swe. Älvalsmålet), for instance, which preserves certain inflectional and syntactic features of Old Norse that have disappeared from the Mainland Scandinavian standard languages. Selected topics in recent research on variation in Scandinavian syntax are covered and the students will be trained in designing and administering syntactic questionnaires.

This 10 credit course will present different theoretical approaches to the sagas about early Icelanders (Íslendingasögur). A selection of these sagas (Egils saga, Eyrbyggja saga and Grettis saga) will be read and analysed. Different interpretations of them will be discussed. Special attention will be given to the interaction between prose and poetry in the sagas, as well as to the production of meaning, particularly in relation to the period in which they were composed.

Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary field of study that bridges medicine and the humanities, particularly literature, by focusing on narratives and the human body. This course explores key concepts and ideas in the medical humanities, examining the insights that literature and film offer into topics such as illness, pain, emotions, trauma, grief, and the relationships between patients and healthcare professionals. Central to the course is an exploration of the role of narrative in medicine, including an analysis of diverse narrative forms and the contrasting languages used by patients and doctors. Discussions will also cover the connections between storytelling and empathy, as well as how experiences of illness and trauma shape narratives. Emphasis will be placed on the phenomenology of illness, medical case studies, patient narratives, and the symbolic and cultural dimensions of illness as reflected in literature, film, and other art forms. Works analyzed in the course will include the novels Ból by Steinunn Sigurðardóttir, Stóri skjálfti by Auður Jónsdóttir, Lífsmörk by Ari Jóhannesson, Krabbaveislan by Hlynur Grímson; the films Still Alice, Wit, and Eiðurinn; as well as the autobiographies Ótuktin by Anna Pálína Árnadóttir and Ástin, dauðinn og drekinn by Vilborg Davíðsdóttir.

Medical humanities is an interdisciplinary field of study that bridges medicine and the humanities, particularly literature, by focusing on narratives and the human body. This course explores key concepts and ideas in the medical humanities, examining the insights that literature and film offer into topics such as illness, pain, emotions, trauma, grief, and the relationships between patients and healthcare professionals. Central to the course is an exploration of the role of narrative in medicine, including an analysis of diverse narrative forms and the contrasting languages used by patients and doctors. Discussions will also cover the connections between storytelling and empathy, as well as how experiences of illness and trauma shape narratives. Emphasis will be placed on the phenomenology of illness, medical case studies, patient narratives, and the symbolic and cultural dimensions of illness as reflected in literature, film, and other art forms. Works analyzed in the course will include the novels Ból by Steinunn Sigurðardóttir, Stóri skjálfti by Auður Jónsdóttir, Lífsmörk by Ari Jóhannesson, Krabbaveislan by Hlynur Grímson; the films Still Alice, Wit, and Eiðurinn; as well as the autobiographies Ótuktin by Anna Pálína Árnadóttir and Ástin, dauðinn og drekinn by Vilborg Davíðsdóttir.

This course provides an overview of Icelandic manuscript culture. Students will get practical training in reading Icelandic manuscripts from different periods, from the earliest extant Icelandic vellums dating to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries down to the paper manuscripts of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The origins of the Icelandic script will be discussed as well as its development over time, and students will get practical training in reading different types of script from different periods. The orthography of medieval manuscripts differs considerably from the modern orthography. It includes a system of abbreviations that is partly inherited from a much earlier Latin tradition. Students will get practical training in interpreting these abbreviations. The Icelandic language has also changed over time, and different manifestations of these language changes appear when reading and examining Icelandic texts from different periods. A selection of these changes will be discussed. Changes in script, orthography, and language provide valuable indications of the date of the manuscript, and students will get practical training in dating medieval Icelandic manuscripts based on script, orthography, and language.

Various aspects of medieval book production will be discussed, including the making of parchment and ink, and book binding. Scribes and scribal schools will be discussed as well as probable centres of book production in medieval Iceland. The works of some prolific scribes in the fourteenth century will be examined. What did they write? How did they write? Did they change their practice over a long scribal career? The texts contained by the manuscripts will also be examined and the basics of textual criticism introduced. Njáls saga, for instance, has survived in over sixty manuscripts with considerable textual variation. Which manuscript should then constitute the basis for a printed edition of Njáls saga? Different types of printed editions will be discussed, and students try their hand at editing a medieval text. The electronic editing of pre-modern texts will be introduced, and students will get practical training in mark-up with XML according to the guidelines of the Medieval Nordic Text Archive (MENOTA) and the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (MUFI).

The course is taught through a combination of lectures and workshops with considerable student engagement. Many of the lectures will be pre-recorded allowing more time in the classroom for discussion and student contributions.

The course is run in cooperation with the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies which has the custody of the largest single collection of Icelandic medieval manuscripts. Students will visit the institute to learn about its collections and facilities and to examine manuscripts.

Course synopsis

Week 1
(1) Introduction
The course: format, readings, requirements and assessment.
The subject matter: Medieval Icelandic manuscripts.

(2) The earliest Icelandic manuscripts
A sketch of the history of the Latin script and the earliest writings in Icelandic. Where did Icelanders learn to use the Latin alphabet? Which orthography did they employ? Some main characteristics of medieval orthography and the use of abbreviations.

Week 2
(3) Electronic editing of medieval texts
How can medieval texts be presented electronically? The XML mark-up language, TEI, MENOTA, MUFI, and related matters. We will try our hand at electronic editing.

(4) The earliest Icelandic orthography and the First Grammatical Treatise
The use of the Latin alphabet for writing Icelandic: challenges — and the solutions proposed by the author of the First Grammatical Treatise in the middle of the twelfth century.

Week 3
(5) Icelandic script and orthography in the thirteenth century
The difference between Icelandic and Norwegian orthography in the twelfth century. What changed in the course of the thirteenth century?

(6) Different types of print editions: scholarly editions
How accurate should printed editions be? Should every little detail in the manuscript be reproduced? What is “Classical Old Icelandic Normalized Orthography”? What are the needs of the readers? What is the role of the editor?

Week 4
(7) Norwegian influence on script, orthography, and language in Icelandic manuscripts
What is the manifestation of this Norwegian influence? How deep-rooted was it? How long did it last?

(8) The dating of manuscripts: script, orthography, and language
How can medieval Icelandic manuscripts be dated? Features of script, orthography, and language that can be helpful for dating.

Week 5
(9) Icelandic script and orthography in the fourteenth century
Main characteristics and their development.

(10) One scribal hand or many?
Distinguishing different scribal hands: some criteria. The Icelandic Homily Book from around 1200: One scribe or fourteen?

Week 6
(11) Book production: parchment, ink, binding — and conservation
From animal skin to parchment. How was the ink produced? Book design and book binding. The care and conservation of medieval manuscripts.

(12) Book production: parchment, ink, binding — and conservation
A visit to the Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies.

— STUDY WEEK —

Week 7
(13) Scribes, scribal milieus, the export of books
On prolific scribes, scribal collaboration, and extensive production of books. Were books produced in Iceland for export in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries?

(14) Icelandic script and orthography in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
Main characteristics and their development.

Week 8
(15) Textual criticism
On the transmission of texts through copying. Textual variation, manuscript classification, and stemmatology.

(16) Textual criticism
Comparing manuscripts and collecting variants.

Week 9
(17) Manuscript illumination
On illuminated manuscripts, historiated initials, artists and their models.

(18) Manuscript catalogues and cataloguing
We will familiarize ourselves with the most important manuscript catalogues and learn about the principles of manuscript cataloguing.

Week 10
(19) Icelandic script and orthography in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Main characteristics and their development.

(20) The transmission of the text: a relic or a living text?
How did the language change when a scribe copied from an old exemplar? Njáls saga is believed to have been written towards the end of the thirteenth century. What is the language of Njáls saga in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century manuscripts?

Week 11
(21) Antiquarianism, manuscript collectors, and copyists
The sixteenth century saw the rise of interest in antiquities, old manuscripts were collected and copied.

(22) Different types of print editions: popular editions
How is a pre-modern text best presented to the modern reader? Should archaic features of language and orthography be retained or should they be updated? On the allegiance to the manuscript and allegiance to the reader.

Week 12
(23) Manuscript collections and manuscript collectors
The life and work of Árni Magnússon.

(24) The manuscript dispute and the return of the manuscripts to Iceland
The search for Codex Scardensis and a nerve-racking auction in London. The custody dispute with Denmark and the return of the manuscripts to Iceland 1971–1997.

— This synopsis may be subject to change. —

Readings

The reading list is on the course website on Canvas. It consists of readings in several languages, including English, Icelandic, Danish, Norwegian, German, and French. The reading list is (often) divided into three main sections:

(a) Required readings: Texts that everyone is required to read. These are all in English.

(b) Optional supplementary readings: These are optional readings for those who want a more in-depth discussion. Most of these readings are in English, but not all.

(c) For those who still want more: A variety of optional readings in several languages, not least in Icelandic, for those who still want more. This section is mostly for reference purposes and as a tool for further research.

Many of the required readings (and some of the optional readings) are found on the Canvas course website. Other reading materials are available in the institute library in the Árni Magnússon Institute in Edda and the University Library (Háskólabókasafn) in the Þjóðarbókhlaða.

Prerequisites
Some skills in Icelandic are essential to fully benefit from the course, as emphasis will be placed on practical training in reading and transcribing text from medieval Icelandic manuscripts. MIS105F Old Icelandic 1 or equivalent study of Old Icelandic is sufficient or some skills in Modern Icelandic. Please, consult the instructor if in doubt.

Course format
The course is taught through a combination of lectures and workshops with considerable student engagement. Many of the lectures will be prerecorded allowing more time in the classroom for discussion and student contributions (flipped classroom).

Working language: This course is open to students with different linguistic backgrounds, and there are two working languages, English and Icelandic. Pre-recorded lectures are in both English and Icelandic (except for guest lecturers who will present in English), written assignments are in both English and Icelandic, and reading materials are in English, Icelandic and the Scandinavian languages, but for those who cannot read Icelandic or the Scan-dinavian languages, all required readings are in English. English is the main working language in the classroom, but questions and contributions to class discussion may also be in Icelandic. — See a separate note on the working languages and the classroom arrangement.

Course requirements and assessment
The final grade for the course will be based on:

(1) Transcription assignments: 30%
(2) Manuscript catalogue assignment: 10%
(3) Manuscript dating assignment: 10%
(4) Presentation: manuscript of the day: 10%
(5) Research paper: 30%
(6) Class participation: 10%

All written assignments will be submitted through Canvas. More detailed instructions and information on deadlines is found on Canvas.

Recent years have seen an increased focus on data collection and statistical analysis within the humanities. This is particularly apparent in growing branches such as psycholinguistics, cognitive literary studies and experimental philosophy, to name a few. The push towards quantitative methods occurs at a time where the validity and reliability of well-established statistical methods are called into question in other fields, with increased demands of replicability and open access as well as data protection and responsibility. In this course, students explore the value of quantitative methods in their field while getting training in the collection and analysis of data. A diverse set of research methods will be introduced, ranging from surveys to corpus analysis and experiments in which participants’ response to stimuli (such as words, texts or audio-visual materials) is quantified. Basic concepts in statistics will be reviewed, enabling students to know the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics, understand statistical significance and interpret visual representations of data in graphs. The course will be largely practical and students are expected to apply their knowledge of data collection and analysis under the instructor’s guidance. Students will work on a project within their own discipline but will also explore the possibility of cross-disciplinary work. Open source tools such as R Studio will be used for all assignments but no prior knowledge of the software or statistics in general is required. The course is suitable for all students within the humanities who want to collect quantitative data to answer interesting questions and could therefore be a useful preparation for a BA or MA project.

The course will introduce and discuss topics and methods in etymological research. Different types of etymological dictionaries will be compared. Examples from Icelandic will be discussed, i.e., the history of particular words and the information that etymological dictionaries provide on their development.

In this seminar some Eddic poems will be read and their language examined. Features which cast light on the age of the poems will be given particular attention. The evidence of the Eddic poems will be compared with that from other linguistic sources. Various methods of dating the Eddic poems will be discussed.

In the course, the student's task consists in being a mentor for participants that are upper secondary school students and university students in the project "Sprettur". Mentors' main role is to support and encourage participants in their studies and social life. As well as creating a constructive relationship with the participants, being a positive role model, and participating in events organized in Sprettur. The mentor role centers around building relationships and spending meaningful time together with the commitment to support participants. 

Sprettur is a project that supports students with an immigrant or refugee background who come from families with little or no university education. The students in this course are mentors of the participants and are paired together based on a common field of interest. Each mentor is responsible for supporting two participants. Mentors plan activities with participants and spend three hours a month (from August to May) with Sprettur’s participants, three hours a month in a study group and attend five seminars that are spread over the school year. Students submit journal entries on Canvas in November and March. Diary entries are based on reading material and students' reflections on the mentorship. Compulsory attendance in events, study groups, and seminars. The course is taught in Icelandic and English. 

Students must apply for a seat in the course. Applicants go through an interview process and 15-30 students are selected to participate. 

See the digital application form. 

More information about Sprettur can be found here: www.hi.is/sprettur  

In this course, different types and genres of literary texts will be read and analysed, as a practical base for creative writing of various kinds - with the needs of the school teacher of literature and writing in mind.

The aim is to enable the student to gain a general understanding of the latest knowledge, theories, ideologies, concepts and methods in the field of language and instruction in grammar, giving a special attention to the situation in Iceland.

Terms like language policy, language planning, standard language and language usage are addressed, and conventional ideas about right and wrong language use are put into question. In addition, different positions towards gender neutral language will be discussed as well as opposing views about official naming policies. Current teaching material will be examined considering such ideas.

The main emphasis will be put on how to get young people to reflect on their responsibility in maintaining the language, while urging them to be tolerant towards other people’s language use. Students also get training in leading discussions on controversial language matters.

An important discussion will take place about the language policy in Iceland pertaining to neologism as a reaction to foreign language influence. Students will be prepared to use neologism as part of their teaching.

The course aims to prepare participants to draw on their resources in their work with diverse groups of students. In the course, we draw on inclusive education theories and research, emphasizing a holistic and creative approach to preparation and teaching at the forefront. Furthermore, a focus is put on teaching strategies and educative assessment that works for diverse groups of students, and adapting teaching and learning to students with special needs.

Content
The focus of the course is on inclusive practices. How to create a learning environment that cares for all students learning is introduced. The focus is also on collaboration with parents, colleagues, professionals, and paraprofessionals. 

Work process
The course is a blended course online and on campus. It is divided into four main themes. All the themes connect to teaching in inclusive educational settings. The focus on each theme is three or four weeks.

The teaching is through lectures, projects, collaboration, discussions in class, on canvas, and in formal assignments. The course is grounded in students' independence, responsibility, and participation.

The content of the course will be centred around contemporary themes in the sociology and philosophy of education. We will discuss the sociological or philosophical aspects of current issues in society such as equality, multiculturalism, social class, pedagogy, democracy and inclusive education. 

During the first half of the semester theoretical approaches are presented and discussed.

During the second half students work in groups on self-chosen topics and are guided through developing a research plan or development projects using the theories presented before mid-semester.

This course is a general introduction to Adult and Continuing education. Through the course participants will familiarize themselves with research on the charcteristics of adult learners, theories on adult learning, the societal place of adult education, participation in adult learning activities and the effects of adult development on their learning endevours.

The course aims are that participants acquaint themselves with research and theories of adult learning with the aim of informing practice and to rationalize choices and actions when organizing learning events and working with adults.

Coursework: Blended learning with face to face sessions and online collaborations: Discussions, lectures, individual assignments and group projects.

Missing

The course focuses on:

• the effects of information and communications technology (ICT) on education and schools
• ICT-related policy, curriculum and school practice
• Concepts, theories and research related to the use of ICT in schools
• technology integration in schools
• teaching methods, professional development of teachers, software and digital learning materials
• students' and teachers' digital competence, ICT skills, and media literacy
• ICT as part of everyday life

Approach:
Reading and discussion about curriculum, policy, theory, research and practice. Students work alone or in smaller groups on literature research and introduce various topics of their choice. They share their ideas and experiences of ICT uses in learning and teaching and contribute to the construction of a learning and professional community in the area of ICT in education.

The purpose of this course is to assist students in understanding some major concepts, theories, and models of  development in educational settings with a focus on the enhancment of cultural conditions in order to encourage improvement. Students are expected to become competent in organising, planning and leading institutional development projects. The course is based on theories about schools and other related institutions as learning communities.

Ways of working
The course is structured in eight parts in distance learning. Two days are on campus during the term. Beside that students read and discuss online. They are also invited to participate in workshops on campus. Assignments are practical and linked with daily work. Student collaboration and discussions is emphases.

Aim: The goal of the course is to provide students with a good understanding of diversity in society and school, and get a better understanding of individuals and groups that are marginalised in society. Students will also learn about various forms, origins, and consequences of exclusion and stigmatization.

Students will also be able to use ethical concepts in their fieldwork, and be able to relate concepts of professionalism and professions to ethical and historical contexts. Special emphasis is on the ability of students to reflect on their own attitudes and work in light of ethical concepts such as autonomy, respect, dignity, trust and care, social justice and social discrimination, social capital, and empowerment.

Subject matter: The main subject of the course is social diversity and the status of marginalised individuals and groups. The course is divided into three parts where the first two parts are based on theoretical discussion of history and ethics, while in the third part students are expected to use those theoretical foundations from the previous parts to reflect on the field and their own attitudes.

The course is a free elective and is intended for those who are studying to become special educators or upper secondary school teachers. The aim of the course is for students to gain insight into the organization and implementation of support for upper secondary school students who are entitled to teaching and special educational support in accordance with assessed SEN. Theories and research in the field of education support and special education in upper secondary schools will be discussed, which will able participants to apply in their own teaching. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary approach and collaboration. Students are introduced to the support services available within the college to support students with special needs or disabilities.

The course gives an overview of research with children and young people, in order to understand their views and experiences as they participate in research. These methods build on ideas about early childhood education, manly coming from sociology, where early childhood is seen as a specific research area and linked to research with young people and other groups in danger of being marginalized. Furthermore, building on postmodern ideas, seeing children as strong and competent, having own perspectives towards social issues. and also in relation to the movement of working towards children’s rights as citizens.

Aims for students to:
Understand the theoretical ides and views underpinning research with children. Students:

• Gain knowledge and understanding about the challenges and solutions researchers face as they in research work with children and young people, in matters such as relations and interaction, informed consent, confidentiality and protection.
• Gain knowledge and understanding on the performance of research with children and young people.
• Are able to apply theoretical approach as planning projects and research.

During the course, the challenges meeting researchers, as doing research with children and young people, will be discussed. Ideology and ethical issues will be addressed

This course connects sociological and transdisciplinary theories and research on youth, youth culture, transitions and education. The concept of youth refers to a diverse age group and is dependant on societies and historical context, but in our post-modern times refers to the ages 16-25. Youth and their circumstances will be studied from various sociological and related academic perspectives; an emphasis will be placed on a transdiciplinary educational view. The term transition to adulthood referred, until the 1990‘s, to youth moving from the educational systems into the workplace, but has since taken a broader view to include among other things family context,  social engagement and inclusion.

In this course the focus is on recent research on youth transitions in different societies and by socio-cultural backgrounds, emphasizing research on  Icelandic and Nordic youth. The division between the public and the private is getting more and more blurry and the transition in the private life is no less important for future well-being in the marketized and globalized digital world. Youth transition is therefore explored through three main systems;  a) The education system of secondary and higher  education, b) participation in the labour force and c) the system of sexuality.

In this module different approaches to the question of how critical theories can be used to better understand educational institutions, practices and policies will be explored.  The theoretical framework will draw on critical theory scholarship (including but not limited to critical race theory, critical feminist theory, queer theory and critical disability studies) to develop critical education lens with an emphasis on intersectionality and social justice. Educational policies and curricula will be analysed and placed in a human rights context. Special emphasis is placed on how this knowledge can be applied in a broad range of educational settings.

Critical Theories is a required course for graduate students the Department of International studies in education in the Faculty of Education and Diversity at the University of Iceland.

In this course participants learn how to design learning interventions for adults. Its main objectives are that participants can individually or with a group, design courses or other learning events for adults.

During the course participants deal with most aspects of designing, organizing and implementing learning events organized for adults, ranging from learning needs asessment through design to teaching and evaluation. However with the main focus being on the design and implementation of the learning intervention.

The course is carried out in a blended form, a mix of face to face sessions and collaborative online work.

Students will read different literary text which are well suited to the task of opening up discussions about the fundamental pillars of education as they are defined in the National Curriculum Guide for Compulory Schools (2013). These are: Literacy, Sustainability, Democracy and Human rights, Equality, Health and Wellfare and Creativity.

The reading list will reflect three main themes that are connected with the fundamental pillars. The reading material will also provide students with general competences in literature, language and expression. The three main themes are important for students from all departments within The School of Education. They are:

1. Children and Development
2. Equality
3. Cultural Heritage and Society

The keywords of the course are: Literacy, vocabulary and interpretive skills

In this course the focus is on Icelandic as a second language and the education of multilingual students in Icelandic compulsory schools. Language acquisition and language upbringing will be examined and the difference between acquiring skills in a first and a second language. The emphases will be on what it is that teachers in general need to know about the Icelandic language to be able to help their students make progress in the subject being taught.

The structure of the Icelandic language system, pronunciation, word formation, inflections, sentence structure, meaning of words and phrases, the three layers of the vocabulary, and various things related to language use will be studied. The purpose is to figure out what is most likely to be demanding for multilingual students in preschools who are acquiring the language, both in general but also due to personal differences, such as different first languages.

Based on this special attention will be paid to the teaching of different subjects and how they can be planned, taking in account students’ different level of Icelandic. Important aspect of that is how subject texts can be simplified to fit the needs of multilingual students.

The goal of this course is twofold. On the one hand different methods of teaching literature will be introduced with an emphasis on diversity and different ways of connecting literature with various subjects. The course will explore how the methods of literary analysis and criticism can be used to open up literary texts in the classroom and help pupils to put them into the context of their everyday liver. Through literature and literary analysis different eras, cultures, nationalities, languages and personalities can be explored. 

On the other hand the course will focus on the teaching of literature in Icelandic elementary schools, the goals of the national curriculum, the role of the study of literature and its part in general education. The selection of literary texts for teaching in the school system will be studied as well as the criteria for such selection in Iceland and in other countries. 

This course deals with the spectrum of teaching methods from direct and formal approaches to informal methods. Emphasis is put on theoretical underpinnings and research on teaching methods, especially Icelandic research. Special attention is put on examining differentiated and responsive approaches (such as the open school concept, flexible teaching, cooperation, multi-age teaching, problem-based learning, holistic education, project-based learning, negotiating the curriculum and authentic learning).

Objectives
The objectives of the course are threefold. First, to provide insight into selected learning theories. Second, to enable  students to gain understanding of how these theories can be applied to upbringing, teaching, and the organization of learning for people of all ages. Third, to increase knowledge of research on the effects of different approaches to teaching and evidence-based practices to reach a variety of learning objectives.   

Content

• Among the main learning theories covered in the course are those from the cognitive, behavioural, and motivational domains.
• Main concepts related to the learning theories will be introduced and discussed in relation to how learning can be defined in different ways.
• Students will read research articles where these learning theories are studied and applied in practice.
• Emphasis will be placed on understanding what constitutes evidence-based practice. 
• Students will design a learning plan for a student or a group of students, based upon one of the learning theories approaches discussed in the course. Through this assignment the students will deepen their understanding of the learning theory in question and how to apply it in practice. 

This is an introductory course addressing theoretical, philosophical and practical issues related to action research. The history and development of action research worldwide will be outlined. We will take a look at ideologies and issues that divide action researchers into different camps. A special attention will be on action research in Icelandic schools an other educational forums, how it has developed until now and how it might be taken further. The main emphasis  in the course is on learning in action: The participants will learn about action research through the process of conducting their own research project.

Objective: The objective of the course is that students learn about concepts, theories and research in queer pedagogy. Furthermore, they will receive good insight into queer theory. Students will acquire critical view of schools and education and gain insight intof the reality of queer youth.

Topics include the concepts of gender, sexuality, intersectionality, masculinity, femininity, gender binary, heteronormativity and cisnormativity. Students gain insight into the main subject matters of queer pedagogy and the ways in which this field can shed light on education, pedagogy, leisure, and and society. The approach will be in the spirit of queer theory and social constructivist perspective, which will be employed to explain different views on gender, gender identity and queer sexuality. The course examines how the Icelandic school system directly and indirectly maintains a wide variety of discrimination and sustains institutionlized heternormativity and cisnormativity. New research, domestic and international, will be read, related to sexual orientation and gender identity. Furthermore, the course focuses on the training of future professionals working with children and teenagers in establishing a queer friendly atmosphere and incorporate queer realities into their work.

Issues, concepts and theories in the field of distance education will be explored. Development and trends will be examined from the emphasis on independent study to emphasis on social activities and shared knowledge construction online and global. The focus will also be on research on distance education at different school levels in Iceland and other countries, distance learners and their needs, and teaching methods with different types of media. The design of distance or online courses and programs will be explored as well as international standards for such courses.

Students participate in online synchronous and asynchronous discussion about theory and practice concerning distance education (DE), engage in problem-based learning (group work) and do an individual project that could involve design of a DE course, a study concerning DE, or a paper on topics related to DE.

The main aim of the course is to enable students to recognize the importance of current global social, political and economic changes to gain understanding of contemporary education policies. The aim is to explore, from different angles based on critical theories, the complex relationships between developments in policy at global, national, local and institutional levels. The emphasis is on the understanding of different forms of marketization in education, both externally through private sector participation in education and internally through the changes of the education system and governance towards business models.

Subject:
Education systems and –policies and their relationship with the social context in society and institutions will be discussed with the intersecting lenses of students‘ gender, social class, residence, (dis-)ability, and ethnicity. Important concepts as quality, choices, effectiveness and governance will be of discussion.

Work process:
Lectures and discussions in weekly-sessions. Students co-operate to put theories and concepts into practice for particular issues. Student assessment comprices of written assignments and a shorter research projects. Further details and guidance will be available during the course.

The course discusses factors that underpin and support global citizenship education. We will discuss the importance of citizens realizing that they have certain rights in society, as well as shared responsibilities and duties. Emphasis is placed on academic and policy related discussion of concepts such as globalization, citizenship, civic engagement, democracy, human rights, education and sustainability. Different approaches and definitions of global citizenship will be discussed, with an emphasis on critical approaches providing examples from international and national education, such as the United Nations' global goals and the fundamental pillars of Icelandic education. The spotlight will also be directed to the current situation of children and young people and how we learn and teach in the spirit of global citizenship.

The main aim of the course is that students get to know ideas and research on education in view of gender studies and the concept of gender. An overview of how ideas of gender and education have changed historically will be discussed as well as facts and critical viewpoints at all school levels. During the next academic year a special emphasis will be placed on the research and theoretical approach of selected researchers on girls and boys in schools and about the problems in education posed by the changing status of women at the time of globalization. Finally the focus will be on the Icelandic school system: the position, socialization and academic achievement of boys and girls; leaders and administrators; the national and school curriculum and the status of legalized education on gender equality at all school levels.

Objectives
The main objectives of the course is to provide students with basic knowledge of logic and other foundations of critical thinking. Also to provide them with understanding of the purpose of practicing philosophical discussions with childern and adults. Students will also gain understanding of the ideas of a community of inquiry developed by Matthew Lipman and its origin among the American pragmatists Charles S. Peirce, William James and John Dewey. Students will also get practice in directing philosophical discussions with a group of people using the tehniques that has been developed in philosophy for children.

Subject
In the course philosophical discussion as a teaching method will be explored drawing on the ideas of Matthew Lipman and other scholars in the field of philosophy for children. Special attention will be paid to the connection between the national curriculum of Iceland and the main objectives of philosophical discussons such as independend and critical thinking, creativity, toleerance, self-knowledge and preparation for life in a democratic society. Close attention will be paid to these concepts as they are dealt with in philosophy for children.

The course focuses on young people’s risk behavior (e.g. drug use, deviance, inconsistent school attendance) and resilience related to various pedagogical, social, educational, and psychological factors. Subjects dealt with in the course will for example be young people’s social development, communication skills, mental disorders, sexual reproductive health, trauma and their view on different challenges in their life. Different preventive measures will be discussed and the role of homes, schools and recreations in different preventions. A special focus is on developmental research that explores the relationship between developmental growth and risk behavior. Projects are designed to seek understanding on how young people perceive risk factors in their lives.

The course is offered as a distant education course. Teaching lessons will be recorded and put on the CANVAS education management system but if there is real time teaching then it will be recorded and put on CANVAS. Discussion lessons are once a week (60 min.) were students can choose between being in-house or online. The same goes for essay presentations which are at the end of the semester.

Ideas of inclusion, multicultural education, and special needs education are important factors for effective schools with diverse groups of students.

The main purpose of the course is to give students the opportunity to deepen their knowledge and understanding of research and theories in the field of inclusive education and multicultural studies in Iceland and in other countries.

Research and theories concerning the marginalization of children and youth in the school system will be discussed based on ideas about equity, equality, and human rights. Inclusive and multicultural education in a historical and international context, the status of minorities and refugees will also be discussed.

The term intersectionality draws attention to the fact that when variables such as race, language, religion, ethnicity, disability, and sexuality intersect, they have a cumulative effect on students' status.