Macroanatomy of limbs and torso.

Lectures and practical sessions cover the systemic anatomy (anatomia systemica), regions (anatomia topographica), surface features and functions (anatomia functionalis) of the limbs and torso. Course material for each lecture will be accessible the beginning of the course.

General anatomy

In this course the scientific foundations of physical therapy and the physical therapy profession are introduced, along with the mission, theoretical framework, and values of the physical therapy program. The development and future vision of the physical therapy profession is presented, along with the theoretical framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and the key concepts of the profession (movement and functioning).

The students learn the fundamental factors in the physical therapy program; motor control, client/patient management process in physical therapy, client/patient centred approach, evidence-based approach, and professionalism. Students visit and observe/shadow in a physical therapy practice. Students are trained in the basics of academic and evidence-based work with emphasis on; scientific writing, definition of concepts, research questions, hypotheses, research methods, literature search, and citing and listing references. Ethical concepts affecting physical therapy are presented and discussed along with methods to foster professional behaviour. Critical reasoning and independent evaluation are encouraged and moral judgement is emphasized. 

This course introduces students to basic demographics and a lifespan and bio-psycho-social view of human growth and development. Various concepts and theories on typical physical, cognitive, emotional and social growth and development are explored and discussed; and students receives examples of how bio-psycho-social approach is applied in physiotherapy patient/client management and patient/client centred physiotherapy. Students are introduced to important influential factors, with emphasis on the interaction of biological and environmental context. Moreover, students will learn to identify examples of atypical growth and development during the lifespan, along with examples of common challenges associated with certain life periods.

The following topics will be covered in lectures: General principles in chemistry and biochemistry for further understanding of physiology. Structure and function of cells and cell organelles, biomolecules and control of energy metabolism, physiology of the neuromuscular and hormonal systems. A brief description of the tissues of the human body.

Laboratory exercises: Cell communication and muscle physiology.

The course is especially aimed at students on their first year of studies in disciplines within the field of health sciences. The joint Health science day is for incoming students of all faculties at the School of Health Sciences in January each year. The main topic is interdisciplinary cooperation and its importance. All basic factors of cooperation will be covered such as the common view on the right to good health, communication and ethics. Furthermore, the role and responsibility of health sciences.

Instruction in the neuroanatomy and anatomy of the head and neck. Anatomy and embryology of the head and neck (15F/N, 10V/N). Review of the embryology, systemic anatomy (anatomia systemica) and regions of the head and neck (anatomia topographica). Demonstrations as circumstances allow. Anatomy and embryology of the nervous system (26F/N, 14V/N). Systemic anatomy will cover embryonic development and the functional systems of the nervous system. Practical/demonstration sessions will deal with the internal and external structure of the brain.

Introduction to the gross anatomy (macroanatomia) of the internal organs and their embryology. Lectures presents the anatomy of thoracic-, abdominal- and pelvic organs and their embryology to ease the understanding of the organs structure and their weight in clinical context. Lectures are based on clinical cases where practicable and substantially based on photos / slides of organs and body regions where the importance of detailed organ structure is made visible.

General embryology. Fundamentals of embryology will be introduced: The words (icelandic, latin, english) used for events in fetal development, process of changes in fetal development and theirmanagement, cause and consequences of disturbed formation. Communication of this knowledge to professionals, patients and the public.
The main research articles in embryology and how they can be used for decision-making (clinic and policy) will be introduced by reading articles on the diagnosis and treatment of problems and the communication of those decisions to professionals, patients and the public.
The course includes lectures on the fundamentals of embryology and the structure of the human body explained with reference to its origin. The course material appears in the lecture schedule in CANVAS at the beginning of the course.

The theoretical background for soft tissue treatment for medical purposes will be introduced in class. Tissue differences and various conditions are introduced as well as examination and assessment. Further, the basics for choices of soft tissue treatment are taught. During practical sessions, manual skills for the fundamental soft tissue handling is trained including therapeutic massage, trigger point treatment, and myofascial release techniques. Furthermore, treatment for lymph oedema is covered.  Important anatomical landmarks are identified and palpated. Particular instruction is on body awareness and ergonomics for the working physical therapist and students should emphasize the use of proper body mechanics during practical sessions.

The course covers the physiology of the following systems: central nervous, sensory, cardiovascular respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal and reproduction. Also, general concepts regarding energy balance, control of metabolism and responses of the human body to exercise, are covered. The students have to participate in three practical exercises on: a) nerve conduction and reflexes; b) sensory physiology; and c) heart and circulation. Three partial exams will be conducted on the course material during the course.

In this first health promotion course, the focus will be on the role of physiotherapists in promoting health within groups and communities. The course will cover the fundamental principles of public health, well-being, and various levels of prevention, with an emphasis on evidence-based approaches.

Students will gain knowledge of ongoing and past community health promotion projects and explore how physiotherapists can contribute to or utilize such initiatives in their practice. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals will be examined, with a focus on the role of physiotherapists in sustainability and environmental health.

The course will also address the determinants of health, considering physical, psychological, and social factors, while emphasizing health literacy among individuals. Additionally, the basics of health economics will be introduced, highlighting their connection to health outcomes.

This course is an introduction to the concepts and principles fundamental to the study of human movement. Included are functional anatomy, biomechanics and assessment of the function of joints and muscles. Functional anatomy revolves around normal and impaired joint properties and muscle actions during discrete joint movement as well as combined motion across multiple joints during activities. Fundamental concepts of biomechanics and the biomechanical properties of tissues are introduced. The student will learn about the effects of gravity, and other external forces and torques on the body. Coursework will further focus on human movement and posture with respect to the interaction of internal and external forces. Students practice skills in evaluation of joint range of motion, muscle strength and postural assessment, and learn how to document and interpret the results.

Different research design and research methods will be covered, both qualitative and quantitative research. Benefits and disadvantages of each method will be emphasised for the student to understand the difference in quality of research using different methods in regard to evidence-based knowledge. Descriptive statistics will be covered and basic issues in inferential statistics. The most simple and common statistical tests will be introduced, like t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square tests, nonparametric tests and linear regression, and statistical estimates of reliability as well. Students will get training in using an open access statistical sofware.

The effect of exercise and training on physiological function of metabolism and different organ system of the body will be covered: muscles, bones, nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, body temperature and water and electrolyte balance. Fatigue and its different causes will be covered. Also, control of body weight will be covered. The students will be trained in literature search, analysing the results for presentation in discussion groups and seminars.

In this course, the focus is on the impact of environmental factors on functioning and disability, which according to the ICF framework are: products and technology, the natural environment and man-made environmental change, support and relationships, attitudes and services, systems and policies. Students will develop skills to identify and react to facilitators and barriers in man-made and natural environment. This will be followed by a discussion on the health care system in Iceland, status and rights of patients, incl. insurance, vocational rehabilitation, and disability. The ethical aspects of health care, public health, research, health policy and prioritisation will be addressed.

In this course emphasis is on health promotion on individual basis, determinants of health behaviour and how physiotherapists can affect physical and sedentary behaviour. Students will gain knowledge on how physical activity and exercise can be used as preventive intervention and treatment for chronic diseases and symptoms. Students will practise basic skills of motivational interviewing with emphasis on prescription for exercise. Use of apps in health promotion will be introduced. Students will practise skills in discussing health and physiotherapy in a foreign language and gain knowledge of the physiotherapy profession and health care systems in Europe. In addition, students will gain basic knowledge of nutrition and sleep and ways to screen lifestyle will be discussed.

The course provides, an introduction to theoretical foundations of measurements in health sciences, with emphasis on standardized physical therapy assessment of activities and participation (functional assessment). Students explore different types of assessment scales and instruments which have been designed for a variety of client/patient populations. Measurement and psychometric properties critical for standardized tools will be discussed, for students to be able to critically appraise, select and appropriately use the tools in a professional and safe manner. Students learn how to use the conceptual framework of ICF and current theories on motor control for categorizing standardized assessments and interpreting their results. The conceptual framework of ICF is also used to provide the underpinnings for discussing physical therapists’ participation in larger interdisciplinary assessment teams. Methods for translation, cultural adaptation, and standardization of international standardized assessments, will be introduced. Students will have opportunity to exercise their skills in appraising and using standardized tools in a laboratory setting. In the course we emphasize skills in evidence-based approach when selecting standardized assessments; and to safely administering instruments where clients'/patients' physical functioning is challenged.

In the course, students are introduced to the basics of pathology, pharmacology and imaging.
a) Cell and tissue changes during various types of stimuli, the consequences of cell damage, inflammatory reactions, healing and repair, immune reactions, hyperplasia and the nature of tumor growth are discussed.
b) The discipline of biopharmacology is introduced and where information about drugs can be found is discussed. Several examples of drug-classes will be used and discussed how patients use of them can be related to the work of physiotherapists.
c) Imaging techniques used in studies of the musculoskeletal system, nervous system, lungs and cardiovascular system will be introduced. Emphasis is placed on the usefulness of information from imaging for physical therapy.

Students will develop knowledge and understanding of movement science. The main theories of motor control and motor learning are introduced and their influences on assessment and treatment approaches in physical therapy. The focus is on systems theories and a task-oriented approach. The relationship between the dynamic systems theory and International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) will be explained. The physiology of motor control and motor learning is covered. The main characteristics of a skilled, efficient movement versus an unskilled one are defined, and possible changes seen with practice are described. Developmental and age-related changes of motor control will also be analyzed. Factors that influence learning and the plasticity of the brain when a new activity emerges are discussed.

The use of scientific knowledge of movement science as a basis for evidence-based practice in physical therapy is introduced.

The main emphasis is on, daily activities such as locomotion, balance control and reaching and grasping. The students will gain knowledge of the normal temporal and spatial characteristics of functional movements, the kinematic and kinetic factors involved, and the specific demands made by task and environment. The students will develop basic skills in analyzing motor skills by observation. They will learn using both clinical measurement tools and tools in a motion analysis lab to evaluate balance, locomotion, reaching and grasp. They will present some tests/measurement tools where they will be aware of standardization in administrations of the tests and the safety of the client/patient. Examples of abnormal motor control due to diseases and accidents will be introduced.

Aim: The purpose is to increase the students' knowledge on goal settings, methods of training, as well as exercises programs for different individuals and groups.

Course content: The main principles of training are introduced such as goal settings for individuals and groups, training strategies with regard to goals, structure and application of training programs, progression in training etc. Methods of warm up, training strength, flexibility, endurance, stability and balance are covered. Also methods of training power, speed, technique etc. are introduced, as well as hydrotherapy. Overtraining and recovery after training will also be discussed. Some performance tests will be introduced. The effect of different training methods, exercises and external load will be discussed in biomechanical manner. During the course the students will prepare and instruct in group training sessions in gym, as well as individual training in fitness room.

Teaching methods: Lectures, flipped teaching, practical teaching, seminar sessions and assignments.

A course that gives students an opportunity to work together in groups to prepare for a project where they get training in methodology on a well-defined aspect of a project within research and innovation. The project can, for example, be a literature research, assistance with data collection and analysis or analysis of clinical problems. Emphasis will be on critical approach, innovation, evidence-based methodology, presentation of results, progress in group work and leadership, and independence. At the end of the course, students write a short summary where the project is defined and working plan is described.

The course (2 ECTS) is especially aimed at students who have completed at least three years of undergraduate studies in clinical disciplines within the field of health sciences. It is a prerequisite for the clinical course Interdisciplinary clinical cooperation: The HealthSquare (2 ECTS) (health care service for university students). The course is based on the theories of interprofessional education and various teaching strategies will be used in order to encourage active participation of students. Students will work together in interdisciplinary groups. The course is mainly focused on interdisciplinary theories, professionalism, interdisciplinary cooperation, team work and ethical decisions in health care.

Assessment (pass / fail) is based on  project work, activity in project work and exams that take place in electronic form in the teaching cycle. 

Teaching arrangements:
Students are divided into interdisciplinary study groups at the beginning of the semester that plan and execute their own meeting times and hand in their final assignments before the end of October. 

The elements of patient/client management with emphasis on clinical reasoning as a critical skill in physiotherapy will be taught. The use of the framework of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) to measure health and disability is endorsed when performing a documentation of health condition, social history, assessment, goals and plan of care. Four basic types of record documentation will be taught: initial evaluation, treatment notes, re-examination/progress notes and the discharge summary.

Initial evaluation includes obtaining and recording an examination (health condition, social history, measurements of the patient). The ICF can be used as tool to evaluate data gathered during examination and set physical therapy diagnosis. The student will learn to set and write goals. The emphasis is on user-centered, activity based goals. Judgment of patients’ prognosis will be discussed. Finally the documentation of the three components of intervention will be introduced: 1) coordination, communication and documentation, 2) patient/client related instructions and 3) procedural intervention.  

Documentation of treatment notes in the SOAP format will be taught. The importance of re-examination to evaluate progress and to redirect intervention will be discussed. The students will learn to write re-examination/progress notes and discharge summary. They will learn additional documentation formats for the purpose of professional communication.  

Finally the students will be educated of electronic documentation systems and database in physical therapy practice.

The students will go to clinical places (practical classes) to meet users of physical therapy. They will take the users history. They must we aware ot the condition of their client/interviewer and able to react if something happens. The students must also ensure the safety of the inteviewer. 

The course will provide the student with knowledge and practical training in body mechanics based on biomechanics, functional anatomy and motor control. Also, the coursework will address health promotion in the work place and factors that may limit tolerance for work. Main risk factors are covered and how they may affect health and safety in the workplace. Multi-disciplinary, individualized approaches, designed to improve biomechanical, neuromuscular, cardiovascular and psychosocial functioning of the worker are introduced, within the context of ICF.

Etiology of the main musculoskeletal disease and dysfunctions across the lifespan are covered and their effects on body structure and function, as well as resulting limitations with respect to activities and participation. The course builds upon basic anatomy, pathology, and movement science. The goal is for the student to gain knowledge with respect to medical evaluation and differential diagnosis in cases of injury, congenital structural dysfunction/disease. Students will also recognize multi-disciplinary treatment approaches relating to musculoskeletal dysfunction and chronic pain.

Students will work independently to gather evidence based material for group projects and practice skills to perform relevant basic evaluation and presentation of the project, as well as discussing the case.

This course offers an insight into the basic concepts of psychology and symptoms of psycological diseases, e.g. anxiety disorders, depression, and personality disorders. The role of a physical therapist is discussed along wiht the effect of stress and psychological trauma on health, symptoms of bereavement, and post traumatic stress disorders. The concepts of reduced quality of life and psychological aspects of coping with disability and illnesses such as cancer, chronic pain, and consequences of accidents or sport injuries is covered. Emphasis is on the association between the mind and the body, the development of psychosomatic disorders and the role of the physical therapist. Students will have the opportunity to further understand their own thought processes and reactions to emotional/psychological overload. The development of health psychology, motivational methods and positive psychology will be discussed.

The objective is that the students learn the basic pathology of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and other visceral organs, as well as for some skin diseases and wounds. Causes of dysfunction and symptoms from the internal organs and the skin will be covered. Students will learn examination and physical therapy treatment of such conditions for both acute and rehabilitation stages.

The organizational and legal environment of the Icelandic health care system is discussed in relation to physical therapy services. The course includes theories of management, project management, personnel supervision, concepts of health care economics and quality management. Students are introduced to the most important factors of the management process; objectives, planning, organizing, staffing, co-ordination and evaluation. Current theories on leadership are presented. Practical issues are covered, related to management in private and public physical therapy practices and institutions, public relations and marketing.

A course that gives students an opportunity to work in a group on a project where they get training in methodology on a well-defined aspect of a project within research and innovation. The project can, for example, be a literature research, assistance with data collection and analysis or analysis of clinical problems. Emphasis will be on critical approach, innovation, evidence-based methodology, presentation of results, progress in group work and leadership, and independence. At the end of the course work, students write a report and present it at a course seminar.

The course contains two components. The basics on the physics of electricity are taught in one part of the course. The main issues are the structure of material, waves, sound, electrical field, magnetic field, power, voltage, and currents. Also, there is a discussion on radiance and thermal conductivity. Special attention is on the physics behind the electrical agents used within the field of physical therapy as well as the principal safety issues using electricity.

In the other part of the course the syllabus is on theoretical background of the electrical devices used in the field of physical therapy and the physiological effects on human tissues. Further, the physiological effects of thermogenic and cryotherapy will be discussed.

Foundations of neurologic physical therapy will be described which include contemporary theories of motor control, the framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and patient/client-centered practice.

The characteristics of the most common diseases and injuries of the nervous system in adults will be covered. Their effects on body structure and function, activities and participation will be discussed. Neuroplasticity and factors (for example practice) that influence the reorganization and growth in the nervous system after damage will also be discussed.

Examination, evaluation and intervention will be taught in theory and practice. Physical therapy approaches will be introduced and discussed in relation to clinical research. Ways to increase participation of the client/patient based on his health, functioning and environmental factors will be introduced. Emphasis is on evidenced based practice, which is to integrate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preference.

This is the first of two courses focusing on geriatric physical therapy. This course provides students with overview of key gerontological concepts and theories, forming a sound knowledgebase for geriatric physical therapy. The implications of the following for geriatric physical therapy, are explored and discussed; demographics of aging, biological and psychosocial theories of aging, physiology of age-related decline, and pharmacological and pathological manifestations of aging. Epidemiology of disability in old age is explored, along with its association with health conditions (diseases and disorders) and contextual facilitators and barriers. Physical therapist’s role in working with frail or fit older adults is introduced along with acts, regulations, advocacy role of physical therapists and ethical values related to the aging population. Students develop their skills and competencies in communication with older adults with hearing impairments and learn how to screen for potential cognitive impairments and depression. Students reflect on perceptions on aging and ageism, following an interview with an older person, and work on their communication and user-educational-skills through fieldwork.

In clinical education - Group training, students gain insight into the role of a physiotherapist as a teacher. Basic ideas about teaching methods are introduced and students study ways to gain and retain attention and how to know their audience. In preparation for clinical placements, students receive instruction in first aid and methods of responding to emergency situation. Rescue from a pool is also taught. Students become acquainted with infection prevention in health care institutions and are trained in their performance. 

The clinical part of the course takes place in health care institutions, private practice and health centers where physiotherapists and / or sports teachers / specialists work with group training. The clinical part is taught over 3 weeks at the end of the semester. Over the period there is emphasize on the following: 

• Group teaching: That student gain insight and experience in instructing a group session and/or exercise therapy for healthy users and for certain patient groups. Each student should watch a professional instructor in a group session and then take over the instruction himself.  
• Job shadowing: Student follows a physiotherapist around when conducting individual therapy with users and other work he does as a physiotherapist. 

Applies to all clinical periods: As clinical studies take place in institutions and laboratories all over the country, students must assume that part of the study takes place outside the capital area. The capital area is defined as a 60 km radius from Stapi, the building of Námsbraut in physiotherapy. Each student can expect one period, including the group training course, to take place outside that area. In some cases, students may go on to study clinical practice in their home area. In some cases, institutions in rural areas have been able to provide housing for students free of charge. The general rule is that Námsbrautin provides students with a place in clinical studies, but students bear the cost when applicable. 

Macroanatomy of limbs and torso.

Lectures and practical sessions cover the systemic anatomy (anatomia systemica), regions (anatomia topographica), surface features and functions (anatomia functionalis) of the limbs and torso. Course material for each lecture will be accessible the beginning of the course.

General anatomy

In this course the scientific foundations of physical therapy and the physical therapy profession are introduced, along with the mission, theoretical framework, and values of the physical therapy program. The development and future vision of the physical therapy profession is presented, along with the theoretical framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and the key concepts of the profession (movement and functioning).

The students learn the fundamental factors in the physical therapy program; motor control, client/patient management process in physical therapy, client/patient centred approach, evidence-based approach, and professionalism. Students visit and observe/shadow in a physical therapy practice. Students are trained in the basics of academic and evidence-based work with emphasis on; scientific writing, definition of concepts, research questions, hypotheses, research methods, literature search, and citing and listing references. Ethical concepts affecting physical therapy are presented and discussed along with methods to foster professional behaviour. Critical reasoning and independent evaluation are encouraged and moral judgement is emphasized. 

This course introduces students to basic demographics and a lifespan and bio-psycho-social view of human growth and development. Various concepts and theories on typical physical, cognitive, emotional and social growth and development are explored and discussed; and students receives examples of how bio-psycho-social approach is applied in physiotherapy patient/client management and patient/client centred physiotherapy. Students are introduced to important influential factors, with emphasis on the interaction of biological and environmental context. Moreover, students will learn to identify examples of atypical growth and development during the lifespan, along with examples of common challenges associated with certain life periods.

The following topics will be covered in lectures: General principles in chemistry and biochemistry for further understanding of physiology. Structure and function of cells and cell organelles, biomolecules and control of energy metabolism, physiology of the neuromuscular and hormonal systems. A brief description of the tissues of the human body.

Laboratory exercises: Cell communication and muscle physiology.

The course is especially aimed at students on their first year of studies in disciplines within the field of health sciences. The joint Health science day is for incoming students of all faculties at the School of Health Sciences in January each year. The main topic is interdisciplinary cooperation and its importance. All basic factors of cooperation will be covered such as the common view on the right to good health, communication and ethics. Furthermore, the role and responsibility of health sciences.

Instruction in the neuroanatomy and anatomy of the head and neck. Anatomy and embryology of the head and neck (15F/N, 10V/N). Review of the embryology, systemic anatomy (anatomia systemica) and regions of the head and neck (anatomia topographica). Demonstrations as circumstances allow. Anatomy and embryology of the nervous system (26F/N, 14V/N). Systemic anatomy will cover embryonic development and the functional systems of the nervous system. Practical/demonstration sessions will deal with the internal and external structure of the brain.

Introduction to the gross anatomy (macroanatomia) of the internal organs and their embryology. Lectures presents the anatomy of thoracic-, abdominal- and pelvic organs and their embryology to ease the understanding of the organs structure and their weight in clinical context. Lectures are based on clinical cases where practicable and substantially based on photos / slides of organs and body regions where the importance of detailed organ structure is made visible.

General embryology. Fundamentals of embryology will be introduced: The words (icelandic, latin, english) used for events in fetal development, process of changes in fetal development and theirmanagement, cause and consequences of disturbed formation. Communication of this knowledge to professionals, patients and the public.
The main research articles in embryology and how they can be used for decision-making (clinic and policy) will be introduced by reading articles on the diagnosis and treatment of problems and the communication of those decisions to professionals, patients and the public.
The course includes lectures on the fundamentals of embryology and the structure of the human body explained with reference to its origin. The course material appears in the lecture schedule in CANVAS at the beginning of the course.

The theoretical background for soft tissue treatment for medical purposes will be introduced in class. Tissue differences and various conditions are introduced as well as examination and assessment. Further, the basics for choices of soft tissue treatment are taught. During practical sessions, manual skills for the fundamental soft tissue handling is trained including therapeutic massage, trigger point treatment, and myofascial release techniques. Furthermore, treatment for lymph oedema is covered.  Important anatomical landmarks are identified and palpated. Particular instruction is on body awareness and ergonomics for the working physical therapist and students should emphasize the use of proper body mechanics during practical sessions.

The course covers the physiology of the following systems: central nervous, sensory, cardiovascular respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal and reproduction. Also, general concepts regarding energy balance, control of metabolism and responses of the human body to exercise, are covered. The students have to participate in three practical exercises on: a) nerve conduction and reflexes; b) sensory physiology; and c) heart and circulation. Three partial exams will be conducted on the course material during the course.

In this first health promotion course, the focus will be on the role of physiotherapists in promoting health within groups and communities. The course will cover the fundamental principles of public health, well-being, and various levels of prevention, with an emphasis on evidence-based approaches.

Students will gain knowledge of ongoing and past community health promotion projects and explore how physiotherapists can contribute to or utilize such initiatives in their practice. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals will be examined, with a focus on the role of physiotherapists in sustainability and environmental health.

The course will also address the determinants of health, considering physical, psychological, and social factors, while emphasizing health literacy among individuals. Additionally, the basics of health economics will be introduced, highlighting their connection to health outcomes.

This course is an introduction to the concepts and principles fundamental to the study of human movement. Included are functional anatomy, biomechanics and assessment of the function of joints and muscles. Functional anatomy revolves around normal and impaired joint properties and muscle actions during discrete joint movement as well as combined motion across multiple joints during activities. Fundamental concepts of biomechanics and the biomechanical properties of tissues are introduced. The student will learn about the effects of gravity, and other external forces and torques on the body. Coursework will further focus on human movement and posture with respect to the interaction of internal and external forces. Students practice skills in evaluation of joint range of motion, muscle strength and postural assessment, and learn how to document and interpret the results.

Different research design and research methods will be covered, both qualitative and quantitative research. Benefits and disadvantages of each method will be emphasised for the student to understand the difference in quality of research using different methods in regard to evidence-based knowledge. Descriptive statistics will be covered and basic issues in inferential statistics. The most simple and common statistical tests will be introduced, like t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square tests, nonparametric tests and linear regression, and statistical estimates of reliability as well. Students will get training in using an open access statistical sofware.

The effect of exercise and training on physiological function of metabolism and different organ system of the body will be covered: muscles, bones, nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, body temperature and water and electrolyte balance. Fatigue and its different causes will be covered. Also, control of body weight will be covered. The students will be trained in literature search, analysing the results for presentation in discussion groups and seminars.

In this course, the focus is on the impact of environmental factors on functioning and disability, which according to the ICF framework are: products and technology, the natural environment and man-made environmental change, support and relationships, attitudes and services, systems and policies. Students will develop skills to identify and react to facilitators and barriers in man-made and natural environment. This will be followed by a discussion on the health care system in Iceland, status and rights of patients, incl. insurance, vocational rehabilitation, and disability. The ethical aspects of health care, public health, research, health policy and prioritisation will be addressed.

In this course emphasis is on health promotion on individual basis, determinants of health behaviour and how physiotherapists can affect physical and sedentary behaviour. Students will gain knowledge on how physical activity and exercise can be used as preventive intervention and treatment for chronic diseases and symptoms. Students will practise basic skills of motivational interviewing with emphasis on prescription for exercise. Use of apps in health promotion will be introduced. Students will practise skills in discussing health and physiotherapy in a foreign language and gain knowledge of the physiotherapy profession and health care systems in Europe. In addition, students will gain basic knowledge of nutrition and sleep and ways to screen lifestyle will be discussed.

The course provides, an introduction to theoretical foundations of measurements in health sciences, with emphasis on standardized physical therapy assessment of activities and participation (functional assessment). Students explore different types of assessment scales and instruments which have been designed for a variety of client/patient populations. Measurement and psychometric properties critical for standardized tools will be discussed, for students to be able to critically appraise, select and appropriately use the tools in a professional and safe manner. Students learn how to use the conceptual framework of ICF and current theories on motor control for categorizing standardized assessments and interpreting their results. The conceptual framework of ICF is also used to provide the underpinnings for discussing physical therapists’ participation in larger interdisciplinary assessment teams. Methods for translation, cultural adaptation, and standardization of international standardized assessments, will be introduced. Students will have opportunity to exercise their skills in appraising and using standardized tools in a laboratory setting. In the course we emphasize skills in evidence-based approach when selecting standardized assessments; and to safely administering instruments where clients'/patients' physical functioning is challenged.

In the course, students are introduced to the basics of pathology, pharmacology and imaging.
a) Cell and tissue changes during various types of stimuli, the consequences of cell damage, inflammatory reactions, healing and repair, immune reactions, hyperplasia and the nature of tumor growth are discussed.
b) The discipline of biopharmacology is introduced and where information about drugs can be found is discussed. Several examples of drug-classes will be used and discussed how patients use of them can be related to the work of physiotherapists.
c) Imaging techniques used in studies of the musculoskeletal system, nervous system, lungs and cardiovascular system will be introduced. Emphasis is placed on the usefulness of information from imaging for physical therapy.

Students will develop knowledge and understanding of movement science. The main theories of motor control and motor learning are introduced and their influences on assessment and treatment approaches in physical therapy. The focus is on systems theories and a task-oriented approach. The relationship between the dynamic systems theory and International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) will be explained. The physiology of motor control and motor learning is covered. The main characteristics of a skilled, efficient movement versus an unskilled one are defined, and possible changes seen with practice are described. Developmental and age-related changes of motor control will also be analyzed. Factors that influence learning and the plasticity of the brain when a new activity emerges are discussed.

The use of scientific knowledge of movement science as a basis for evidence-based practice in physical therapy is introduced.

The main emphasis is on, daily activities such as locomotion, balance control and reaching and grasping. The students will gain knowledge of the normal temporal and spatial characteristics of functional movements, the kinematic and kinetic factors involved, and the specific demands made by task and environment. The students will develop basic skills in analyzing motor skills by observation. They will learn using both clinical measurement tools and tools in a motion analysis lab to evaluate balance, locomotion, reaching and grasp. They will present some tests/measurement tools where they will be aware of standardization in administrations of the tests and the safety of the client/patient. Examples of abnormal motor control due to diseases and accidents will be introduced.

Aim: The purpose is to increase the students' knowledge on goal settings, methods of training, as well as exercises programs for different individuals and groups.

Course content: The main principles of training are introduced such as goal settings for individuals and groups, training strategies with regard to goals, structure and application of training programs, progression in training etc. Methods of warm up, training strength, flexibility, endurance, stability and balance are covered. Also methods of training power, speed, technique etc. are introduced, as well as hydrotherapy. Overtraining and recovery after training will also be discussed. Some performance tests will be introduced. The effect of different training methods, exercises and external load will be discussed in biomechanical manner. During the course the students will prepare and instruct in group training sessions in gym, as well as individual training in fitness room.

Teaching methods: Lectures, flipped teaching, practical teaching, seminar sessions and assignments.

A course that gives students an opportunity to work together in groups to prepare for a project where they get training in methodology on a well-defined aspect of a project within research and innovation. The project can, for example, be a literature research, assistance with data collection and analysis or analysis of clinical problems. Emphasis will be on critical approach, innovation, evidence-based methodology, presentation of results, progress in group work and leadership, and independence. At the end of the course, students write a short summary where the project is defined and working plan is described.

The course (2 ECTS) is especially aimed at students who have completed at least three years of undergraduate studies in clinical disciplines within the field of health sciences. It is a prerequisite for the clinical course Interdisciplinary clinical cooperation: The HealthSquare (2 ECTS) (health care service for university students). The course is based on the theories of interprofessional education and various teaching strategies will be used in order to encourage active participation of students. Students will work together in interdisciplinary groups. The course is mainly focused on interdisciplinary theories, professionalism, interdisciplinary cooperation, team work and ethical decisions in health care.

Assessment (pass / fail) is based on  project work, activity in project work and exams that take place in electronic form in the teaching cycle. 

Teaching arrangements:
Students are divided into interdisciplinary study groups at the beginning of the semester that plan and execute their own meeting times and hand in their final assignments before the end of October. 

The elements of patient/client management with emphasis on clinical reasoning as a critical skill in physiotherapy will be taught. The use of the framework of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) to measure health and disability is endorsed when performing a documentation of health condition, social history, assessment, goals and plan of care. Four basic types of record documentation will be taught: initial evaluation, treatment notes, re-examination/progress notes and the discharge summary.

Initial evaluation includes obtaining and recording an examination (health condition, social history, measurements of the patient). The ICF can be used as tool to evaluate data gathered during examination and set physical therapy diagnosis. The student will learn to set and write goals. The emphasis is on user-centered, activity based goals. Judgment of patients’ prognosis will be discussed. Finally the documentation of the three components of intervention will be introduced: 1) coordination, communication and documentation, 2) patient/client related instructions and 3) procedural intervention.  

Documentation of treatment notes in the SOAP format will be taught. The importance of re-examination to evaluate progress and to redirect intervention will be discussed. The students will learn to write re-examination/progress notes and discharge summary. They will learn additional documentation formats for the purpose of professional communication.  

Finally the students will be educated of electronic documentation systems and database in physical therapy practice.

The students will go to clinical places (practical classes) to meet users of physical therapy. They will take the users history. They must we aware ot the condition of their client/interviewer and able to react if something happens. The students must also ensure the safety of the inteviewer. 

The course will provide the student with knowledge and practical training in body mechanics based on biomechanics, functional anatomy and motor control. Also, the coursework will address health promotion in the work place and factors that may limit tolerance for work. Main risk factors are covered and how they may affect health and safety in the workplace. Multi-disciplinary, individualized approaches, designed to improve biomechanical, neuromuscular, cardiovascular and psychosocial functioning of the worker are introduced, within the context of ICF.

Etiology of the main musculoskeletal disease and dysfunctions across the lifespan are covered and their effects on body structure and function, as well as resulting limitations with respect to activities and participation. The course builds upon basic anatomy, pathology, and movement science. The goal is for the student to gain knowledge with respect to medical evaluation and differential diagnosis in cases of injury, congenital structural dysfunction/disease. Students will also recognize multi-disciplinary treatment approaches relating to musculoskeletal dysfunction and chronic pain.

Students will work independently to gather evidence based material for group projects and practice skills to perform relevant basic evaluation and presentation of the project, as well as discussing the case.

This course offers an insight into the basic concepts of psychology and symptoms of psycological diseases, e.g. anxiety disorders, depression, and personality disorders. The role of a physical therapist is discussed along wiht the effect of stress and psychological trauma on health, symptoms of bereavement, and post traumatic stress disorders. The concepts of reduced quality of life and psychological aspects of coping with disability and illnesses such as cancer, chronic pain, and consequences of accidents or sport injuries is covered. Emphasis is on the association between the mind and the body, the development of psychosomatic disorders and the role of the physical therapist. Students will have the opportunity to further understand their own thought processes and reactions to emotional/psychological overload. The development of health psychology, motivational methods and positive psychology will be discussed.

The objective is that the students learn the basic pathology of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and other visceral organs, as well as for some skin diseases and wounds. Causes of dysfunction and symptoms from the internal organs and the skin will be covered. Students will learn examination and physical therapy treatment of such conditions for both acute and rehabilitation stages.

The organizational and legal environment of the Icelandic health care system is discussed in relation to physical therapy services. The course includes theories of management, project management, personnel supervision, concepts of health care economics and quality management. Students are introduced to the most important factors of the management process; objectives, planning, organizing, staffing, co-ordination and evaluation. Current theories on leadership are presented. Practical issues are covered, related to management in private and public physical therapy practices and institutions, public relations and marketing.

A course that gives students an opportunity to work in a group on a project where they get training in methodology on a well-defined aspect of a project within research and innovation. The project can, for example, be a literature research, assistance with data collection and analysis or analysis of clinical problems. Emphasis will be on critical approach, innovation, evidence-based methodology, presentation of results, progress in group work and leadership, and independence. At the end of the course work, students write a report and present it at a course seminar.

The course contains two components. The basics on the physics of electricity are taught in one part of the course. The main issues are the structure of material, waves, sound, electrical field, magnetic field, power, voltage, and currents. Also, there is a discussion on radiance and thermal conductivity. Special attention is on the physics behind the electrical agents used within the field of physical therapy as well as the principal safety issues using electricity.

In the other part of the course the syllabus is on theoretical background of the electrical devices used in the field of physical therapy and the physiological effects on human tissues. Further, the physiological effects of thermogenic and cryotherapy will be discussed.

Foundations of neurologic physical therapy will be described which include contemporary theories of motor control, the framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and patient/client-centered practice.

The characteristics of the most common diseases and injuries of the nervous system in adults will be covered. Their effects on body structure and function, activities and participation will be discussed. Neuroplasticity and factors (for example practice) that influence the reorganization and growth in the nervous system after damage will also be discussed.

Examination, evaluation and intervention will be taught in theory and practice. Physical therapy approaches will be introduced and discussed in relation to clinical research. Ways to increase participation of the client/patient based on his health, functioning and environmental factors will be introduced. Emphasis is on evidenced based practice, which is to integrate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preference.

This is the first of two courses focusing on geriatric physical therapy. This course provides students with overview of key gerontological concepts and theories, forming a sound knowledgebase for geriatric physical therapy. The implications of the following for geriatric physical therapy, are explored and discussed; demographics of aging, biological and psychosocial theories of aging, physiology of age-related decline, and pharmacological and pathological manifestations of aging. Epidemiology of disability in old age is explored, along with its association with health conditions (diseases and disorders) and contextual facilitators and barriers. Physical therapist’s role in working with frail or fit older adults is introduced along with acts, regulations, advocacy role of physical therapists and ethical values related to the aging population. Students develop their skills and competencies in communication with older adults with hearing impairments and learn how to screen for potential cognitive impairments and depression. Students reflect on perceptions on aging and ageism, following an interview with an older person, and work on their communication and user-educational-skills through fieldwork.

In clinical education - Group training, students gain insight into the role of a physiotherapist as a teacher. Basic ideas about teaching methods are introduced and students study ways to gain and retain attention and how to know their audience. In preparation for clinical placements, students receive instruction in first aid and methods of responding to emergency situation. Rescue from a pool is also taught. Students become acquainted with infection prevention in health care institutions and are trained in their performance. 

The clinical part of the course takes place in health care institutions, private practice and health centers where physiotherapists and / or sports teachers / specialists work with group training. The clinical part is taught over 3 weeks at the end of the semester. Over the period there is emphasize on the following: 

• Group teaching: That student gain insight and experience in instructing a group session and/or exercise therapy for healthy users and for certain patient groups. Each student should watch a professional instructor in a group session and then take over the instruction himself.  
• Job shadowing: Student follows a physiotherapist around when conducting individual therapy with users and other work he does as a physiotherapist. 

Applies to all clinical periods: As clinical studies take place in institutions and laboratories all over the country, students must assume that part of the study takes place outside the capital area. The capital area is defined as a 60 km radius from Stapi, the building of Námsbraut in physiotherapy. Each student can expect one period, including the group training course, to take place outside that area. In some cases, students may go on to study clinical practice in their home area. In some cases, institutions in rural areas have been able to provide housing for students free of charge. The general rule is that Námsbrautin provides students with a place in clinical studies, but students bear the cost when applicable. 

Macroanatomy of limbs and torso.

Lectures and practical sessions cover the systemic anatomy (anatomia systemica), regions (anatomia topographica), surface features and functions (anatomia functionalis) of the limbs and torso. Course material for each lecture will be accessible the beginning of the course.

General anatomy

In this course the scientific foundations of physical therapy and the physical therapy profession are introduced, along with the mission, theoretical framework, and values of the physical therapy program. The development and future vision of the physical therapy profession is presented, along with the theoretical framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and the key concepts of the profession (movement and functioning).

The students learn the fundamental factors in the physical therapy program; motor control, client/patient management process in physical therapy, client/patient centred approach, evidence-based approach, and professionalism. Students visit and observe/shadow in a physical therapy practice. Students are trained in the basics of academic and evidence-based work with emphasis on; scientific writing, definition of concepts, research questions, hypotheses, research methods, literature search, and citing and listing references. Ethical concepts affecting physical therapy are presented and discussed along with methods to foster professional behaviour. Critical reasoning and independent evaluation are encouraged and moral judgement is emphasized. 

This course introduces students to basic demographics and a lifespan and bio-psycho-social view of human growth and development. Various concepts and theories on typical physical, cognitive, emotional and social growth and development are explored and discussed; and students receives examples of how bio-psycho-social approach is applied in physiotherapy patient/client management and patient/client centred physiotherapy. Students are introduced to important influential factors, with emphasis on the interaction of biological and environmental context. Moreover, students will learn to identify examples of atypical growth and development during the lifespan, along with examples of common challenges associated with certain life periods.

The following topics will be covered in lectures: General principles in chemistry and biochemistry for further understanding of physiology. Structure and function of cells and cell organelles, biomolecules and control of energy metabolism, physiology of the neuromuscular and hormonal systems. A brief description of the tissues of the human body.

Laboratory exercises: Cell communication and muscle physiology.

The course is especially aimed at students on their first year of studies in disciplines within the field of health sciences. The joint Health science day is for incoming students of all faculties at the School of Health Sciences in January each year. The main topic is interdisciplinary cooperation and its importance. All basic factors of cooperation will be covered such as the common view on the right to good health, communication and ethics. Furthermore, the role and responsibility of health sciences.

Instruction in the neuroanatomy and anatomy of the head and neck. Anatomy and embryology of the head and neck (15F/N, 10V/N). Review of the embryology, systemic anatomy (anatomia systemica) and regions of the head and neck (anatomia topographica). Demonstrations as circumstances allow. Anatomy and embryology of the nervous system (26F/N, 14V/N). Systemic anatomy will cover embryonic development and the functional systems of the nervous system. Practical/demonstration sessions will deal with the internal and external structure of the brain.

Introduction to the gross anatomy (macroanatomia) of the internal organs and their embryology. Lectures presents the anatomy of thoracic-, abdominal- and pelvic organs and their embryology to ease the understanding of the organs structure and their weight in clinical context. Lectures are based on clinical cases where practicable and substantially based on photos / slides of organs and body regions where the importance of detailed organ structure is made visible.

General embryology. Fundamentals of embryology will be introduced: The words (icelandic, latin, english) used for events in fetal development, process of changes in fetal development and theirmanagement, cause and consequences of disturbed formation. Communication of this knowledge to professionals, patients and the public.
The main research articles in embryology and how they can be used for decision-making (clinic and policy) will be introduced by reading articles on the diagnosis and treatment of problems and the communication of those decisions to professionals, patients and the public.
The course includes lectures on the fundamentals of embryology and the structure of the human body explained with reference to its origin. The course material appears in the lecture schedule in CANVAS at the beginning of the course.

The theoretical background for soft tissue treatment for medical purposes will be introduced in class. Tissue differences and various conditions are introduced as well as examination and assessment. Further, the basics for choices of soft tissue treatment are taught. During practical sessions, manual skills for the fundamental soft tissue handling is trained including therapeutic massage, trigger point treatment, and myofascial release techniques. Furthermore, treatment for lymph oedema is covered.  Important anatomical landmarks are identified and palpated. Particular instruction is on body awareness and ergonomics for the working physical therapist and students should emphasize the use of proper body mechanics during practical sessions.

The course covers the physiology of the following systems: central nervous, sensory, cardiovascular respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal and reproduction. Also, general concepts regarding energy balance, control of metabolism and responses of the human body to exercise, are covered. The students have to participate in three practical exercises on: a) nerve conduction and reflexes; b) sensory physiology; and c) heart and circulation. Three partial exams will be conducted on the course material during the course.

In this first health promotion course, the focus will be on the role of physiotherapists in promoting health within groups and communities. The course will cover the fundamental principles of public health, well-being, and various levels of prevention, with an emphasis on evidence-based approaches.

Students will gain knowledge of ongoing and past community health promotion projects and explore how physiotherapists can contribute to or utilize such initiatives in their practice. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals will be examined, with a focus on the role of physiotherapists in sustainability and environmental health.

The course will also address the determinants of health, considering physical, psychological, and social factors, while emphasizing health literacy among individuals. Additionally, the basics of health economics will be introduced, highlighting their connection to health outcomes.

This course is an introduction to the concepts and principles fundamental to the study of human movement. Included are functional anatomy, biomechanics and assessment of the function of joints and muscles. Functional anatomy revolves around normal and impaired joint properties and muscle actions during discrete joint movement as well as combined motion across multiple joints during activities. Fundamental concepts of biomechanics and the biomechanical properties of tissues are introduced. The student will learn about the effects of gravity, and other external forces and torques on the body. Coursework will further focus on human movement and posture with respect to the interaction of internal and external forces. Students practice skills in evaluation of joint range of motion, muscle strength and postural assessment, and learn how to document and interpret the results.

Different research design and research methods will be covered, both qualitative and quantitative research. Benefits and disadvantages of each method will be emphasised for the student to understand the difference in quality of research using different methods in regard to evidence-based knowledge. Descriptive statistics will be covered and basic issues in inferential statistics. The most simple and common statistical tests will be introduced, like t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square tests, nonparametric tests and linear regression, and statistical estimates of reliability as well. Students will get training in using an open access statistical sofware.

The effect of exercise and training on physiological function of metabolism and different organ system of the body will be covered: muscles, bones, nervous system, endocrine system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, body temperature and water and electrolyte balance. Fatigue and its different causes will be covered. Also, control of body weight will be covered. The students will be trained in literature search, analysing the results for presentation in discussion groups and seminars.

In this course, the focus is on the impact of environmental factors on functioning and disability, which according to the ICF framework are: products and technology, the natural environment and man-made environmental change, support and relationships, attitudes and services, systems and policies. Students will develop skills to identify and react to facilitators and barriers in man-made and natural environment. This will be followed by a discussion on the health care system in Iceland, status and rights of patients, incl. insurance, vocational rehabilitation, and disability. The ethical aspects of health care, public health, research, health policy and prioritisation will be addressed.

In this course emphasis is on health promotion on individual basis, determinants of health behaviour and how physiotherapists can affect physical and sedentary behaviour. Students will gain knowledge on how physical activity and exercise can be used as preventive intervention and treatment for chronic diseases and symptoms. Students will practise basic skills of motivational interviewing with emphasis on prescription for exercise. Use of apps in health promotion will be introduced. Students will practise skills in discussing health and physiotherapy in a foreign language and gain knowledge of the physiotherapy profession and health care systems in Europe. In addition, students will gain basic knowledge of nutrition and sleep and ways to screen lifestyle will be discussed.

The course provides, an introduction to theoretical foundations of measurements in health sciences, with emphasis on standardized physical therapy assessment of activities and participation (functional assessment). Students explore different types of assessment scales and instruments which have been designed for a variety of client/patient populations. Measurement and psychometric properties critical for standardized tools will be discussed, for students to be able to critically appraise, select and appropriately use the tools in a professional and safe manner. Students learn how to use the conceptual framework of ICF and current theories on motor control for categorizing standardized assessments and interpreting their results. The conceptual framework of ICF is also used to provide the underpinnings for discussing physical therapists’ participation in larger interdisciplinary assessment teams. Methods for translation, cultural adaptation, and standardization of international standardized assessments, will be introduced. Students will have opportunity to exercise their skills in appraising and using standardized tools in a laboratory setting. In the course we emphasize skills in evidence-based approach when selecting standardized assessments; and to safely administering instruments where clients'/patients' physical functioning is challenged.

In the course, students are introduced to the basics of pathology, pharmacology and imaging.
a) Cell and tissue changes during various types of stimuli, the consequences of cell damage, inflammatory reactions, healing and repair, immune reactions, hyperplasia and the nature of tumor growth are discussed.
b) The discipline of biopharmacology is introduced and where information about drugs can be found is discussed. Several examples of drug-classes will be used and discussed how patients use of them can be related to the work of physiotherapists.
c) Imaging techniques used in studies of the musculoskeletal system, nervous system, lungs and cardiovascular system will be introduced. Emphasis is placed on the usefulness of information from imaging for physical therapy.

Students will develop knowledge and understanding of movement science. The main theories of motor control and motor learning are introduced and their influences on assessment and treatment approaches in physical therapy. The focus is on systems theories and a task-oriented approach. The relationship between the dynamic systems theory and International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) will be explained. The physiology of motor control and motor learning is covered. The main characteristics of a skilled, efficient movement versus an unskilled one are defined, and possible changes seen with practice are described. Developmental and age-related changes of motor control will also be analyzed. Factors that influence learning and the plasticity of the brain when a new activity emerges are discussed.

The use of scientific knowledge of movement science as a basis for evidence-based practice in physical therapy is introduced.

The main emphasis is on, daily activities such as locomotion, balance control and reaching and grasping. The students will gain knowledge of the normal temporal and spatial characteristics of functional movements, the kinematic and kinetic factors involved, and the specific demands made by task and environment. The students will develop basic skills in analyzing motor skills by observation. They will learn using both clinical measurement tools and tools in a motion analysis lab to evaluate balance, locomotion, reaching and grasp. They will present some tests/measurement tools where they will be aware of standardization in administrations of the tests and the safety of the client/patient. Examples of abnormal motor control due to diseases and accidents will be introduced.

Aim: The purpose is to increase the students' knowledge on goal settings, methods of training, as well as exercises programs for different individuals and groups.

Course content: The main principles of training are introduced such as goal settings for individuals and groups, training strategies with regard to goals, structure and application of training programs, progression in training etc. Methods of warm up, training strength, flexibility, endurance, stability and balance are covered. Also methods of training power, speed, technique etc. are introduced, as well as hydrotherapy. Overtraining and recovery after training will also be discussed. Some performance tests will be introduced. The effect of different training methods, exercises and external load will be discussed in biomechanical manner. During the course the students will prepare and instruct in group training sessions in gym, as well as individual training in fitness room.

Teaching methods: Lectures, flipped teaching, practical teaching, seminar sessions and assignments.

A course that gives students an opportunity to work together in groups to prepare for a project where they get training in methodology on a well-defined aspect of a project within research and innovation. The project can, for example, be a literature research, assistance with data collection and analysis or analysis of clinical problems. Emphasis will be on critical approach, innovation, evidence-based methodology, presentation of results, progress in group work and leadership, and independence. At the end of the course, students write a short summary where the project is defined and working plan is described.

The course (2 ECTS) is especially aimed at students who have completed at least three years of undergraduate studies in clinical disciplines within the field of health sciences. It is a prerequisite for the clinical course Interdisciplinary clinical cooperation: The HealthSquare (2 ECTS) (health care service for university students). The course is based on the theories of interprofessional education and various teaching strategies will be used in order to encourage active participation of students. Students will work together in interdisciplinary groups. The course is mainly focused on interdisciplinary theories, professionalism, interdisciplinary cooperation, team work and ethical decisions in health care.

Assessment (pass / fail) is based on  project work, activity in project work and exams that take place in electronic form in the teaching cycle. 

Teaching arrangements:
Students are divided into interdisciplinary study groups at the beginning of the semester that plan and execute their own meeting times and hand in their final assignments before the end of October. 

The elements of patient/client management with emphasis on clinical reasoning as a critical skill in physiotherapy will be taught. The use of the framework of The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) to measure health and disability is endorsed when performing a documentation of health condition, social history, assessment, goals and plan of care. Four basic types of record documentation will be taught: initial evaluation, treatment notes, re-examination/progress notes and the discharge summary.

Initial evaluation includes obtaining and recording an examination (health condition, social history, measurements of the patient). The ICF can be used as tool to evaluate data gathered during examination and set physical therapy diagnosis. The student will learn to set and write goals. The emphasis is on user-centered, activity based goals. Judgment of patients’ prognosis will be discussed. Finally the documentation of the three components of intervention will be introduced: 1) coordination, communication and documentation, 2) patient/client related instructions and 3) procedural intervention.  

Documentation of treatment notes in the SOAP format will be taught. The importance of re-examination to evaluate progress and to redirect intervention will be discussed. The students will learn to write re-examination/progress notes and discharge summary. They will learn additional documentation formats for the purpose of professional communication.  

Finally the students will be educated of electronic documentation systems and database in physical therapy practice.

The students will go to clinical places (practical classes) to meet users of physical therapy. They will take the users history. They must we aware ot the condition of their client/interviewer and able to react if something happens. The students must also ensure the safety of the inteviewer. 

The course will provide the student with knowledge and practical training in body mechanics based on biomechanics, functional anatomy and motor control. Also, the coursework will address health promotion in the work place and factors that may limit tolerance for work. Main risk factors are covered and how they may affect health and safety in the workplace. Multi-disciplinary, individualized approaches, designed to improve biomechanical, neuromuscular, cardiovascular and psychosocial functioning of the worker are introduced, within the context of ICF.

Etiology of the main musculoskeletal disease and dysfunctions across the lifespan are covered and their effects on body structure and function, as well as resulting limitations with respect to activities and participation. The course builds upon basic anatomy, pathology, and movement science. The goal is for the student to gain knowledge with respect to medical evaluation and differential diagnosis in cases of injury, congenital structural dysfunction/disease. Students will also recognize multi-disciplinary treatment approaches relating to musculoskeletal dysfunction and chronic pain.

Students will work independently to gather evidence based material for group projects and practice skills to perform relevant basic evaluation and presentation of the project, as well as discussing the case.

This course offers an insight into the basic concepts of psychology and symptoms of psycological diseases, e.g. anxiety disorders, depression, and personality disorders. The role of a physical therapist is discussed along wiht the effect of stress and psychological trauma on health, symptoms of bereavement, and post traumatic stress disorders. The concepts of reduced quality of life and psychological aspects of coping with disability and illnesses such as cancer, chronic pain, and consequences of accidents or sport injuries is covered. Emphasis is on the association between the mind and the body, the development of psychosomatic disorders and the role of the physical therapist. Students will have the opportunity to further understand their own thought processes and reactions to emotional/psychological overload. The development of health psychology, motivational methods and positive psychology will be discussed.

The objective is that the students learn the basic pathology of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system and other visceral organs, as well as for some skin diseases and wounds. Causes of dysfunction and symptoms from the internal organs and the skin will be covered. Students will learn examination and physical therapy treatment of such conditions for both acute and rehabilitation stages.

The organizational and legal environment of the Icelandic health care system is discussed in relation to physical therapy services. The course includes theories of management, project management, personnel supervision, concepts of health care economics and quality management. Students are introduced to the most important factors of the management process; objectives, planning, organizing, staffing, co-ordination and evaluation. Current theories on leadership are presented. Practical issues are covered, related to management in private and public physical therapy practices and institutions, public relations and marketing.

A course that gives students an opportunity to work in a group on a project where they get training in methodology on a well-defined aspect of a project within research and innovation. The project can, for example, be a literature research, assistance with data collection and analysis or analysis of clinical problems. Emphasis will be on critical approach, innovation, evidence-based methodology, presentation of results, progress in group work and leadership, and independence. At the end of the course work, students write a report and present it at a course seminar.

The course contains two components. The basics on the physics of electricity are taught in one part of the course. The main issues are the structure of material, waves, sound, electrical field, magnetic field, power, voltage, and currents. Also, there is a discussion on radiance and thermal conductivity. Special attention is on the physics behind the electrical agents used within the field of physical therapy as well as the principal safety issues using electricity.

In the other part of the course the syllabus is on theoretical background of the electrical devices used in the field of physical therapy and the physiological effects on human tissues. Further, the physiological effects of thermogenic and cryotherapy will be discussed.

Foundations of neurologic physical therapy will be described which include contemporary theories of motor control, the framework of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and patient/client-centered practice.

The characteristics of the most common diseases and injuries of the nervous system in adults will be covered. Their effects on body structure and function, activities and participation will be discussed. Neuroplasticity and factors (for example practice) that influence the reorganization and growth in the nervous system after damage will also be discussed.

Examination, evaluation and intervention will be taught in theory and practice. Physical therapy approaches will be introduced and discussed in relation to clinical research. Ways to increase participation of the client/patient based on his health, functioning and environmental factors will be introduced. Emphasis is on evidenced based practice, which is to integrate the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preference.

This is the first of two courses focusing on geriatric physical therapy. This course provides students with overview of key gerontological concepts and theories, forming a sound knowledgebase for geriatric physical therapy. The implications of the following for geriatric physical therapy, are explored and discussed; demographics of aging, biological and psychosocial theories of aging, physiology of age-related decline, and pharmacological and pathological manifestations of aging. Epidemiology of disability in old age is explored, along with its association with health conditions (diseases and disorders) and contextual facilitators and barriers. Physical therapist’s role in working with frail or fit older adults is introduced along with acts, regulations, advocacy role of physical therapists and ethical values related to the aging population. Students develop their skills and competencies in communication with older adults with hearing impairments and learn how to screen for potential cognitive impairments and depression. Students reflect on perceptions on aging and ageism, following an interview with an older person, and work on their communication and user-educational-skills through fieldwork.

In clinical education - Group training, students gain insight into the role of a physiotherapist as a teacher. Basic ideas about teaching methods are introduced and students study ways to gain and retain attention and how to know their audience. In preparation for clinical placements, students receive instruction in first aid and methods of responding to emergency situation. Rescue from a pool is also taught. Students become acquainted with infection prevention in health care institutions and are trained in their performance. 

The clinical part of the course takes place in health care institutions, private practice and health centers where physiotherapists and / or sports teachers / specialists work with group training. The clinical part is taught over 3 weeks at the end of the semester. Over the period there is emphasize on the following: 

• Group teaching: That student gain insight and experience in instructing a group session and/or exercise therapy for healthy users and for certain patient groups. Each student should watch a professional instructor in a group session and then take over the instruction himself.  
• Job shadowing: Student follows a physiotherapist around when conducting individual therapy with users and other work he does as a physiotherapist. 

Applies to all clinical periods: As clinical studies take place in institutions and laboratories all over the country, students must assume that part of the study takes place outside the capital area. The capital area is defined as a 60 km radius from Stapi, the building of Námsbraut in physiotherapy. Each student can expect one period, including the group training course, to take place outside that area. In some cases, students may go on to study clinical practice in their home area. In some cases, institutions in rural areas have been able to provide housing for students free of charge. The general rule is that Námsbrautin provides students with a place in clinical studies, but students bear the cost when applicable.