The issues and legal sources of company law will be discussed. Different categories of companies and different points of view will be covered when resolving issues. The characteristics of the main types of financial companies will be explained. For discussion will be e.g. their financial basis and rules relating to the status of their counterparts, governance, the responsibilities of management and auditors and the legal status of members. The main topic of the course concerns private limited companies and public limited companies and the fundamentals that result from the limited liability of their owners, ie. on the protection of the funds of these companies. These are rules on the payment of share capital, registration of share capital, increase and decrease of share capital, own shares and rules on disbursement of capital with dividends or on dissolution of companies. The merger and division of public limited companies and the rules that must be met in that connection will be discussed. The moratorium, composition agreements and bankruptcy proceedings of companies will also be discussed. The role of auditors in connection with their work for companies will also be discussed.

The goal of this course is to strengthen the statistics and methodology knowledge of the students to enable them to better understand research methods and research findings. State-of-the-art research will be reviewed and the statistics and methodology required to conduct this research will be discussed. Students will also conduct their own research project in preparation for analytical work in their professional life and their Master’s thesis.

The aim of the course is for students to acquire a better knowledge and understanding of the main issues concerning the analysis of annual accounts that are prepared in accordance with international accounting standards. Special emphasis will be placed on fair value accounting and preferably the entry of financial instruments, e.g. equities, bonds and derivatives. The rules on impairment of financial assets and other assets will also be reviewed. The main requirements of IFRS standards regarding the recognition of fixed assets at fair value will also be explained, e.g. property, plant and equipment and investment assets, as well as reference to the recalculation of lease obligations in the annual accounts. 

Special emphasis on following accounting standards, 
IFRS 9: Financial Instruments,
IFRS 7: Financial Instruments: Disclosures 
IFRS 13: Fair value measurement 
IFRS 16: Leases 
IFRS 2: Share-based Payment 
IAS 32: Financial Instruments: Presentation 
IAS 40: Investment Property 

The course addresses ethical challenges in business operations and how they manifest within companies and in their interactions with stakeholders, public authorities, and society at large. Emphasis is placed on students analysing, applying, evaluating, arguing for, and developing ethical solutions to real business issues based on theories in business ethics.
Teaching materials and assignments are based on realistic case studies, academic texts, and collaboration with industry partners. Students work systematically on identifying ethical dilemmas, applying theoretical approaches, evaluating different corporate responses, justifying their own ethical positions, and formulating practical proposals for processes and/or policies within complex societal contexts.
The course also emphasises that students develop a conscious and responsible attitude toward their own role as professionals and managers, in line with the University of Iceland’s values of social responsibility, equality, sustainability, and innovation, guided by sound ethical principles.
Students choose the course scope based on ECTS credits. The course may be taken as 7.5 ECTS, 6 ECTS (students from Philosophy), 3 ECTS, or 1.5 ECTS.
Please note that the course is taught in the first teaching block of the autumn semester, according to the block structure of the Master’s programme at the School of Business.

This course covers key topics in statistics and pricing in finance. Emphasis is placed on introducing students to the use of statistical and mathematical methods for analysing, pricing, and obtaining information about financial instruments. Real‑world examples are highlighted, giving students practical experience in solving problems similar to those they may encounter in their professional work in financial markets.
The statistics portion of the course includes an overview of continuous and discrete probability distributions, expected values, variance and standard deviation, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and linear regression analysis, both simple and multiple. The course also covers the fundamental concepts of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
The pricing portion of the course focuses on the valuation of forward contracts on equities, bonds, and foreign exchange, as well as interest rate swaps, the construction of yield curves, and the types and characteristics of options.

The course will cover the main points of statistics and pricing in finance. Emphasis is placed on introducing students to the use of numerical and mathematical methods to analyze, price and obtain information about financial instruments. Emphasis is placed on real examples where students are trained to solve tasks similar to those they may have to solve in the workplace.

The statistical part of the course will cover time series analysis. There, models such as auto regressive models (e. Auto regressive model, AR model) and models with moving averages (e. Moving-average model, MA model) will be introduced to play. Also the combination of ARMA, ARIMA and SARIMA models. Finally, conditional variance models or ARCH and GARCH models will be reviewed.

In the pricing section, we will cover binomial trees, Wiener processes, Ito's auxiliary theorem, the Black-Scoles-Merton model and the pricing of stock and currency options.

The objective of this course is for students to acquire the techniques that have proven effective in corporate financing and financial management, and to gain the insights that finance theory provides when addressing corporate financing challenges. Upon completing the course, students should have knowledge and understanding of the fundamental theories developed by scholars in finance, be familiar with leading professional practices internationally, and possess the technical ability to solve practical problems related to the assessment and selection of long‑ and short‑term financing options, dividend payments and dividend policy, equity issuance, bond issuance, and capital structure.

Valuation of companies and investment appraisal. The course covers the content of financial statements and their analysis in relation to business valuation and investment assessment. Various valuation methods suitable for different types of firms are reviewed, including operating companies, real estate companies, banks, insurance companies, and others.

The course will cover in detail the rules of national law and international agreements on the conclusion and interpretation of double taxation agreements. The full tax liability of individuals and companies due to domicile in a state and its termination in one of the member states of a double taxation agreement will be discussed if a person or company is domiciled in two or more countries at the same time. Rules on limited tax liability and the division of taxing rights between member states of a double taxation treaty will be explained. Methods for mitigating double taxation under national law and a double taxation treaty will be discussed when income is taxed in two or more countries. It will be discussed how double taxation agreements can be used in tax planning with the establishment of companies in different countries. The impact of the EEC or ESS Convention on the tax laws of individual states, harmful tax competition and what has been done to eradicate it will be disclosed. Students will be trained in the use of double taxation agreements with problem solving solutions and realistic tasks. At the end of the course, it is assumed that the student has a good insight into the complex system that national law and double taxation agreements can spin on the financial measures of individuals and companies in modern society.

Transfer-Pricing Methods (TPM) often predict where profits and costs fall. TPM is an important factor in globalization, but TPM is governed by the rules of the home country and also the published rules of the OECD. TPM is closely related to tax law in the country in question. TPM rules are examined and their effects analyzed.

The basic concepts and theories of automation and RPA (Robotic Process Automation Projects) is covered, and special attention is paid to how to identify processes / projects in operations, accounting and auditing that can be automated with RPA 

Concepts and basics of financial technology (Fin. Tech.) is covered. Developments and market conditions presented as well as electronic currencies. Audit risk and financial technology is specifically covered. 

Concepts related to Management Cost Accounting will be covered. The importance of management accounting has increased due to the increased complexity of cost allocation and the reliability of costs. Financial reports are based on cost accounting and are therefore the basis for reliable accounting, e.g. annual accounts. At the same time, management and control systems are examined in the context of management cost accounting. 

In this course, the main types of fixed income instruments and interest rate derivatives will be covered. Emphasis will be placed on bonds in international context as well as the special features of the domestic bond market. Some of the issues covered will be: traditional, indexed-linked, callable and convertible bonds, credit and interest rate derivatives. Pricing, portfolio management and risk management for fixed income instruments and derivatives on those will also be covered.

The main emphasis of the course is on the role of financial markets and institutions. The interplay between central bank and commercial banks is explored in relation to interest rate - and exchange rate determination. Furthermore, the connection between monetary and fiscal policy is mapped out, regarding both price and financial stability. The second emphasis of the course is on the role of the banking system in the economy and on the function of main asset markets. The main structural characteristics of Icelandic financial markets are described in comparison to foreign markets.

The purpose of the course is to teach students how to apply financial theory in practice. The course will present how to approach practical financial problems by using theory in the spreadsheet environment of Excel and in the coding environment of Visual Basic. Cornerstone financial models will be assessed using real world data. Upon completion of the course, students should be comfortable with pricing securities (bonds, stock, derivatives) and performing various types of risk evaluations. Topics covered include portfolio management and evaluation, assessment of equilibrium stock pricing models, option pricing (e.g. Monte Carlo), volatility predications (e.g. GARCH models), bond immunization strategies, term structure estimation, etc. In short, the purpose of the course is to help students learn how to use the tools necessary to use financial theory in a practical way which will benefit them in any finance or research related position.

The aim of the course is to give students the opportunity to apply financial theories, methods, and tools acquired in previous courses to the solution of realistic and complex financial problems. Emphasis is placed on students’ ability to identify problems, develop an appropriate approach, and justify the choice of theoretical models and methods used in solving the assignments.

The projects are based on real or realistic scenarios, where there is rarely a single “correct” answer. Instead, the focus is on the quality of the analysis, assumptions, reasoning, and the professional presentation of results. Students work with diverse data and must deal with uncertainty, limitations, and multiple potential solutions.

Special emphasis is placed on students developing technical and analytical skills, such as structuring financial problems in a systematic manner, applying appropriate calculation rules and analytical techniques, and communicating results clearly, critically, and professionally in both written and oral form.

The topic of the master's thesis must be chosen after consulting the thesis advisor(s), who must be full-time faculty at the School of Business.

The thesis must equal 30 credits and coursework shall equal 60 credits. The thesis must be presented at a departmental seminar.The thesis must be submitted online no later than the specified dates before each graduation. Grades for a master's thesis are awarded by the thesis advisor(s) and an external examiner.

Please note! According to the rules of the University of Iceland, all MS theses must be open after they have been submitted to the University Library. If a student wishes for its MS thesis be closed for a certain period of time, after graduation, they need the approval of their supervisor and the dean of the department. Maximum closure is 5 years. It is preferable to apply for the authorization before writing the thesis.

Application for closing master's thesis.

The topic of the master's thesis must be chosen after consulting the thesis advisor(s), who must be full-time faculty at the School of Business.

The thesis must equal 30 credits and coursework shall equal 60 credits. The thesis must be presented at a departmental seminar.The thesis must be submitted online no later than the specified dates before each graduation. Grades for a master's thesis are awarded by the thesis advisor(s) and an external examiner.

Please note! According to the rules of the University of Iceland, all MS theses must be open after they have been submitted to the University Library. If a student wishes for its MS thesis be closed for a certain period of time, after graduation, they need the approval of their supervisor and the dean of the department. Maximum closure is 5 years. It is preferable to apply for the authorization before writing the thesis.

Application for closing master's thesis.

The topic of the master's thesis must be chosen after consulting the thesis advisor(s), who must be full-time faculty at the School of Business.

The thesis must equal 30 credits and coursework shall equal 60 credits. The thesis must be presented at a departmental seminar.The thesis must be submitted online no later than the specified dates before each graduation. Grades for a master's thesis are awarded by the thesis advisor(s) and an external examiner.

Please note! According to the rules of the University of Iceland, all MS theses must be open after they have been submitted to the University Library. If a student wishes for its MS thesis be closed for a certain period of time, after graduation, they need the approval of their supervisor and the dean of the department. Maximum closure is 5 years. It is preferable to apply for the authorization before writing the thesis.

Application for closing master's thesis.

The issues and legal sources of company law will be discussed. Different categories of companies and different points of view will be covered when resolving issues. The characteristics of the main types of financial companies will be explained. For discussion will be e.g. their financial basis and rules relating to the status of their counterparts, governance, the responsibilities of management and auditors and the legal status of members. The main topic of the course concerns private limited companies and public limited companies and the fundamentals that result from the limited liability of their owners, ie. on the protection of the funds of these companies. These are rules on the payment of share capital, registration of share capital, increase and decrease of share capital, own shares and rules on disbursement of capital with dividends or on dissolution of companies. The merger and division of public limited companies and the rules that must be met in that connection will be discussed. The moratorium, composition agreements and bankruptcy proceedings of companies will also be discussed. The role of auditors in connection with their work for companies will also be discussed.

The goal of this course is to strengthen the statistics and methodology knowledge of the students to enable them to better understand research methods and research findings. State-of-the-art research will be reviewed and the statistics and methodology required to conduct this research will be discussed. Students will also conduct their own research project in preparation for analytical work in their professional life and their Master’s thesis.

The aim of the course is for students to acquire a better knowledge and understanding of the main issues concerning the analysis of annual accounts that are prepared in accordance with international accounting standards. Special emphasis will be placed on fair value accounting and preferably the entry of financial instruments, e.g. equities, bonds and derivatives. The rules on impairment of financial assets and other assets will also be reviewed. The main requirements of IFRS standards regarding the recognition of fixed assets at fair value will also be explained, e.g. property, plant and equipment and investment assets, as well as reference to the recalculation of lease obligations in the annual accounts. 

Special emphasis on following accounting standards, 
IFRS 9: Financial Instruments,
IFRS 7: Financial Instruments: Disclosures 
IFRS 13: Fair value measurement 
IFRS 16: Leases 
IFRS 2: Share-based Payment 
IAS 32: Financial Instruments: Presentation 
IAS 40: Investment Property 

The course addresses ethical challenges in business operations and how they manifest within companies and in their interactions with stakeholders, public authorities, and society at large. Emphasis is placed on students analysing, applying, evaluating, arguing for, and developing ethical solutions to real business issues based on theories in business ethics.
Teaching materials and assignments are based on realistic case studies, academic texts, and collaboration with industry partners. Students work systematically on identifying ethical dilemmas, applying theoretical approaches, evaluating different corporate responses, justifying their own ethical positions, and formulating practical proposals for processes and/or policies within complex societal contexts.
The course also emphasises that students develop a conscious and responsible attitude toward their own role as professionals and managers, in line with the University of Iceland’s values of social responsibility, equality, sustainability, and innovation, guided by sound ethical principles.
Students choose the course scope based on ECTS credits. The course may be taken as 7.5 ECTS, 6 ECTS (students from Philosophy), 3 ECTS, or 1.5 ECTS.
Please note that the course is taught in the first teaching block of the autumn semester, according to the block structure of the Master’s programme at the School of Business.

This course covers key topics in statistics and pricing in finance. Emphasis is placed on introducing students to the use of statistical and mathematical methods for analysing, pricing, and obtaining information about financial instruments. Real‑world examples are highlighted, giving students practical experience in solving problems similar to those they may encounter in their professional work in financial markets.
The statistics portion of the course includes an overview of continuous and discrete probability distributions, expected values, variance and standard deviation, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and linear regression analysis, both simple and multiple. The course also covers the fundamental concepts of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM).
The pricing portion of the course focuses on the valuation of forward contracts on equities, bonds, and foreign exchange, as well as interest rate swaps, the construction of yield curves, and the types and characteristics of options.

The course will cover the main points of statistics and pricing in finance. Emphasis is placed on introducing students to the use of numerical and mathematical methods to analyze, price and obtain information about financial instruments. Emphasis is placed on real examples where students are trained to solve tasks similar to those they may have to solve in the workplace.

The statistical part of the course will cover time series analysis. There, models such as auto regressive models (e. Auto regressive model, AR model) and models with moving averages (e. Moving-average model, MA model) will be introduced to play. Also the combination of ARMA, ARIMA and SARIMA models. Finally, conditional variance models or ARCH and GARCH models will be reviewed.

In the pricing section, we will cover binomial trees, Wiener processes, Ito's auxiliary theorem, the Black-Scoles-Merton model and the pricing of stock and currency options.

The objective of this course is for students to acquire the techniques that have proven effective in corporate financing and financial management, and to gain the insights that finance theory provides when addressing corporate financing challenges. Upon completing the course, students should have knowledge and understanding of the fundamental theories developed by scholars in finance, be familiar with leading professional practices internationally, and possess the technical ability to solve practical problems related to the assessment and selection of long‑ and short‑term financing options, dividend payments and dividend policy, equity issuance, bond issuance, and capital structure.

Valuation of companies and investment appraisal. The course covers the content of financial statements and their analysis in relation to business valuation and investment assessment. Various valuation methods suitable for different types of firms are reviewed, including operating companies, real estate companies, banks, insurance companies, and others.

The course will cover in detail the rules of national law and international agreements on the conclusion and interpretation of double taxation agreements. The full tax liability of individuals and companies due to domicile in a state and its termination in one of the member states of a double taxation agreement will be discussed if a person or company is domiciled in two or more countries at the same time. Rules on limited tax liability and the division of taxing rights between member states of a double taxation treaty will be explained. Methods for mitigating double taxation under national law and a double taxation treaty will be discussed when income is taxed in two or more countries. It will be discussed how double taxation agreements can be used in tax planning with the establishment of companies in different countries. The impact of the EEC or ESS Convention on the tax laws of individual states, harmful tax competition and what has been done to eradicate it will be disclosed. Students will be trained in the use of double taxation agreements with problem solving solutions and realistic tasks. At the end of the course, it is assumed that the student has a good insight into the complex system that national law and double taxation agreements can spin on the financial measures of individuals and companies in modern society.

Transfer-Pricing Methods (TPM) often predict where profits and costs fall. TPM is an important factor in globalization, but TPM is governed by the rules of the home country and also the published rules of the OECD. TPM is closely related to tax law in the country in question. TPM rules are examined and their effects analyzed.

The basic concepts and theories of automation and RPA (Robotic Process Automation Projects) is covered, and special attention is paid to how to identify processes / projects in operations, accounting and auditing that can be automated with RPA 

Concepts and basics of financial technology (Fin. Tech.) is covered. Developments and market conditions presented as well as electronic currencies. Audit risk and financial technology is specifically covered. 

Concepts related to Management Cost Accounting will be covered. The importance of management accounting has increased due to the increased complexity of cost allocation and the reliability of costs. Financial reports are based on cost accounting and are therefore the basis for reliable accounting, e.g. annual accounts. At the same time, management and control systems are examined in the context of management cost accounting. 

In this course, the main types of fixed income instruments and interest rate derivatives will be covered. Emphasis will be placed on bonds in international context as well as the special features of the domestic bond market. Some of the issues covered will be: traditional, indexed-linked, callable and convertible bonds, credit and interest rate derivatives. Pricing, portfolio management and risk management for fixed income instruments and derivatives on those will also be covered.

The main emphasis of the course is on the role of financial markets and institutions. The interplay between central bank and commercial banks is explored in relation to interest rate - and exchange rate determination. Furthermore, the connection between monetary and fiscal policy is mapped out, regarding both price and financial stability. The second emphasis of the course is on the role of the banking system in the economy and on the function of main asset markets. The main structural characteristics of Icelandic financial markets are described in comparison to foreign markets.

The purpose of the course is to teach students how to apply financial theory in practice. The course will present how to approach practical financial problems by using theory in the spreadsheet environment of Excel and in the coding environment of Visual Basic. Cornerstone financial models will be assessed using real world data. Upon completion of the course, students should be comfortable with pricing securities (bonds, stock, derivatives) and performing various types of risk evaluations. Topics covered include portfolio management and evaluation, assessment of equilibrium stock pricing models, option pricing (e.g. Monte Carlo), volatility predications (e.g. GARCH models), bond immunization strategies, term structure estimation, etc. In short, the purpose of the course is to help students learn how to use the tools necessary to use financial theory in a practical way which will benefit them in any finance or research related position.

The aim of the course is to give students the opportunity to apply financial theories, methods, and tools acquired in previous courses to the solution of realistic and complex financial problems. Emphasis is placed on students’ ability to identify problems, develop an appropriate approach, and justify the choice of theoretical models and methods used in solving the assignments.

The projects are based on real or realistic scenarios, where there is rarely a single “correct” answer. Instead, the focus is on the quality of the analysis, assumptions, reasoning, and the professional presentation of results. Students work with diverse data and must deal with uncertainty, limitations, and multiple potential solutions.

Special emphasis is placed on students developing technical and analytical skills, such as structuring financial problems in a systematic manner, applying appropriate calculation rules and analytical techniques, and communicating results clearly, critically, and professionally in both written and oral form.

The topic of the master's thesis must be chosen after consulting the thesis advisor(s), who must be full-time faculty at the School of Business.

The thesis must equal 30 credits and coursework shall equal 60 credits. The thesis must be presented at a departmental seminar.The thesis must be submitted online no later than the specified dates before each graduation. Grades for a master's thesis are awarded by the thesis advisor(s) and an external examiner.

Please note! According to the rules of the University of Iceland, all MS theses must be open after they have been submitted to the University Library. If a student wishes for its MS thesis be closed for a certain period of time, after graduation, they need the approval of their supervisor and the dean of the department. Maximum closure is 5 years. It is preferable to apply for the authorization before writing the thesis.

Application for closing master's thesis.

The topic of the master's thesis must be chosen after consulting the thesis advisor(s), who must be full-time faculty at the School of Business.

The thesis must equal 30 credits and coursework shall equal 60 credits. The thesis must be presented at a departmental seminar.The thesis must be submitted online no later than the specified dates before each graduation. Grades for a master's thesis are awarded by the thesis advisor(s) and an external examiner.

Please note! According to the rules of the University of Iceland, all MS theses must be open after they have been submitted to the University Library. If a student wishes for its MS thesis be closed for a certain period of time, after graduation, they need the approval of their supervisor and the dean of the department. Maximum closure is 5 years. It is preferable to apply for the authorization before writing the thesis.

Application for closing master's thesis.

The topic of the master's thesis must be chosen after consulting the thesis advisor(s), who must be full-time faculty at the School of Business.

The thesis must equal 30 credits and coursework shall equal 60 credits. The thesis must be presented at a departmental seminar.The thesis must be submitted online no later than the specified dates before each graduation. Grades for a master's thesis are awarded by the thesis advisor(s) and an external examiner.

Please note! According to the rules of the University of Iceland, all MS theses must be open after they have been submitted to the University Library. If a student wishes for its MS thesis be closed for a certain period of time, after graduation, they need the approval of their supervisor and the dean of the department. Maximum closure is 5 years. It is preferable to apply for the authorization before writing the thesis.

Application for closing master's thesis.