Screening is a method you can use to prepare for a class. You read a book: headlines chapter headings introduction and summary and try to understand the main concepts of the text. You also look at images, tables, and other information separate from the text. The purpose of screening is to become familiar with the content of the lesson without reading the complete text. If, however, you will be expected to contribute to class discussions, you will need to prepare more thoroughly. The process of screening takes approximately 10-30 minutes for each class. The aim is to increase your understanding, give you an overview of the content and make connections between the new material and your previous knowledge.

Note-taking It is important to attend lectures and try to get the most out of the class. Pay attention, listen for the main points, and take useful/meaningful notes. Be careful, though, not to write too much at the cost of listening and understanding. The point of taking notes is to highlight the main ideas and get a clearer sense of which parts the instructor is presenting as important. Good notes are invaluable aids when revising for exams. Some helpful tips for note-taking Have the right tools at hand, such as a good pen/pencil, notebook/paper/computer, highlighters, and colours. Write the date and page number on all your notes. Use colours and symbols to emphasise important points or keywords. Put a question mark or an asterisk if you need to check something later or pay special attention to it. Screen the reading/study material before the lesson. Engage with the lesson - ask questions etc., whether in class or while reading. Choose a seat in the centre of a row near the front – that way you are closer to the instructor. You are less likely to be disturbed by others, you can do better and it’s easier to read slides or write on the board. Take notes during class and also while reading/studying the course material after class. Working during the lesson – Note-taking methods If using a computer, type below the slides or create a Word document. If you write notes directly onto the handouts from the instructor you can highlight or underline keywords and use colours to distinguish your own words from the instructor's. The Cornell note-taking method involves dividing the page into two columns. Make the right column wider than the left one (which is 6-8 cm). In the right column write fairly detailed notes in your own words during class. In the left column write keywords and questions that occur to you while reading and revising. Keywords or key phrases are things like the name of the theory, the name of the entrepreneur, an important year or a fundamental equation in the calculation. Keywords call forth images and links to other words and ideas. They are useful for revising. Card method. On one side of a card, you write a question, concept or keyword, such as the name of a theory. Use the other side to frame an answer, often regarding more detailed explanations in the textbook and/or your notes.

After class – In-depth reading and note-taking In-depth reading is when you study the material after class. It is good to allow at least two hours for in-depth reading because it takes time to properly engage with the subject. You can use special methods to approach in-depth reading. For example, it can be useful to prepare questions from the lesson material (approximately 4-10 questions), either in writing or in your mind, and try to answer them. Do this before beginning reading so that you approach the subject with a specific purpose in mind. Answering questions is a powerful way to learn new material. It is also advisable to use the lecture slides or your notes to frame your reading. While reading you should take notes, underline specific words/phrases, add notes from a lecture, or write in the margins. Create a reminder card when you take a break from reading so you remember where you left off. Attending a study/reading group is also a very powerful way of learning. A study group allows you to exchange views and discuss topics with others. After class - Revision Revision is a vital part of learning. When revising, you are practising for assessment. The process can be divided into three categories: Daily revision of approximately 10 minutes per subject, where you review your notes after a lecture and/or after in-depth reading, i.e. summarising after reading a few pages, one section, or after covering a specific theme. Reading the notes and adding to them while the subject is still fresh in your memory is effective. Try to find keywords and identify the main points, make a checklist, cover the right column of the notes with your hand (when using the Cornell method) revise by reading the keywords, etc. Weekly revision of approximately 1 hour for each subject. Quickly glance over that week's notes and/or prepare for assignments or minor tests. Major revision for exams.

The study material and study skills

Prioritising: It is important to prioritise time and tasks. Thinks about which tasks are important and/or necessary during the exam period and which tasks can be put aside. You often need to make temporary changes in priorities because the exam period is demanding. Brainstorming and organising the study material: You may want to start your exam preparation by allowing your mind to wander for a few minutes and brainstorming the main points of the subject. You can then make a checklist or group the topics, guided by the syllabus, notes, or textbooks. This will break the study material down into smaller units and make it more manageable. Long-term schedules: It is important to make a long-term plan for the entire exam period to keep everything in perspective. Decide when to study for each exam and how much time to devote to it. You need to make the most of your time if your exams are clustered closely together. Daily schedules: Plan each day based on your long-term schedule. This is a more detailed plan. You need to consider things like: what subject to study where to study at what time, and for how long? Work periods: Allocate a suitable length of time for each session, taking into account the weight of each subject. It is essential to take regular short breaks and change your approach or even the topic if you start losing concentration. Make note of when your "prime time" is in terms of concentration and preferably use that window to work on the more demanding subjects. Revision: Repetition is an effective learning method. The best way to remember something is by repeating it, meaning that repetition is an essential part of exam preparation. It is important to include systematic revision in your schedule: at the end of each topic, the end of each day, and a weekly review as well. There are also various memory techniques that can facilitate learning. They aim mainly at arranging, structuring and organising information to make it easier to remember. Learning environment: Find a calm learning environment, where you will not be disturbed.

Positive self-talk is important to avoid disruptive and negative thoughts. It is helpful to adopt positive self-talk as you focus on your performance and ability to find solutions to assignments and answers to exam questions. Physical activity is a good way to increase stamina and relieve stress. Try to find activities that suit you, such as walking, swimming or cycling. Relaxation reduces stress, which often accompanies exam preparation. You can learn different relaxation techniques and there are also many things you may personally find relaxing, such as exercise, music, reading, etc. Sleep and rest are essential to rejuvenate your mind and body. Insufficient sleep may affect your daily performance. Diet and eating habits affect energy and concentration. During the exam period, you should pay careful attention to your diet and eat healthy and nutritious food. It is best to avoid fast food, sweets, soft drinks, and caffeine.

Arrive in time for exams. Avoid engaging in stressful discussions about the exam before you walk into the examination room. At the beginning of the exam, give yourself time to get comfortable and prepare mentally. Write down things such as formulas, key terms, and anything else that is at the top of your head. Remember to read the questions and/or instructions very carefully. Read the entire exam and then start answering the questions you are are most confident about. Use time in proportion to the importance or weighting of each question for the overall grade. It is a good idea to plan out a response to an essay question before you start writing it by making a short abstract or writing down and ordering keywords. If you cannot answer an exam question, put it aside and come back to it later. Focus on the exam and don't spend time checking what fellow students are doing or thinking about what you should or could have done before the exam.