Basic principles of general chemistry, balancing equations, nomenclature, molar calculations, solubility, concentration.  Basic principles of quantum chemistry, the atomic structure as a base for chemical properties and their reactions. Electron configuration and formation of chemical bonds. Basic introduction to theories of chemical bonding and molecular geometry and intermolecular forces. Basic principles of organic chemistry, nomenclature of organic compounds and functional groups.  Organic polymers.

Teaching and learning activities:
Lectures, problem solving and homework.

Introduction to the history of medical imaging, from W.C. Röntgen's discoveries to modern technological advancements. The role, activities and obligations of Radiographers in the health care system. Field trips to Radiology Departments.

Introduction to radiation physics, radiation protection and medical imaging. Atoms, photons, electrons, magnetism and electromagnetic radiation, with a focus on x-rays. How x-rays are generated. Gamma radiation, radioactivity and half-life.

Lectures and home assignments based on material from the textbook.

Students introduced to the basic applications of physics in health sciences. Example solutions to problems related to forces, motion, energy, etc., which will allow students to pursue further study and work in the health sciences.

Physics: Motion. Forces, Newton's law. Work, energy and power. Degree of heat, heat transport and thermodynamics. Hydrodynamics. Electrical forces and fields. Electricity, voltage and circuit. Magnetic field. Optics.

Lectures and electronic assignments based on the textbook material.

Students receive instruction in the research technique used in performing general X-ray studies.

Students learn to view X-rays with respect to proper insertion, the most common variations and major diseases. The major tips and contraindications for X-ray studies will be discussed. The key concepts and word-of-speech radiologists will be discussed.

Students learn the importance of good communication.

Anatomical methodology and descriptive terms. Terms of orientation with reference to the anatomical position. Fundamental principles of human body structure. Origins of the human body (embryology). Structure and function of the cell. Tissues.
Locomotor system. Nervous system. Cardiovascular system. Respiratory system. Lymphatic system. Digestive system. Urinary system. Endocrine system. Muscular system. Sensory systems. Reproductive system. Immune system. Hormonal system.

Lectures: Topics, concepts and methods in biochemistry and cell biology. Genetic material, genome and genes, DNA replication and DNA metabolism. RNA, gene expression, transcription and protein translation. Proteins and enzymes. Metabolism of nucleotides, carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. Nutrition, bioenergetics.  Construction and properties of the cell membrane, membrane transport, cell organelles and intracellular transport, cell communication (signaling), the cytoskeleton, cell cyle, cell death and cell division.

Laboratory practicals: Pipettes og measuring techniques, spectrometry in enzymology, isolation of proteins and determination of protein concentration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzyme kinetics.

Lectures: Homeostasis and control systems. Electrophysiology: membrane potentials and conduction. Endocrinology and nervous systems. Sensory physiology. Muscles: skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.

The use of radiation in the beginning of the century, radiation injuries. Methods of radiation detection and measurements. Biological effects of radiation on adults, children and foetus. Stochastic and non-stochastic effects of radiation. Carcinogenesis and hereditary effects. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), justification, optimisation and limitation principles. Radiation protection of the workers and patients in diagnostic radiology. Acts and regulations concerning radiation protection. Background radiation, man-made radiation.

Energy spectrum of x-rays and attenuation in matter. Emphasis on how x-rays interact with matter, attenuation coefficients, half-value layers and factors that affect beam attenuation. Scatter radiation, radiation dose, and effective dose. Basic foundation of measurement of ionizing radiation and one practical exercise.

Lectures and a practical exercise related to the lecture material, which will require active participation from students.

Students receive instruction in the research technique used in performing general X-ray studies of musculoskeletal, chest and abdominal.

Students learn to view X-rays with respect to proper insertion, the most common variations and major diseases of the musculoskeletal, breast and abdominal conditions. The major tips and contraindications for X-ray studies will be discussed. The key concepts and word-of-speech radiologists will be discussed.

Students learn the importance of good communication.

The students learn to perform the basics examinations of the skeleton and lungs.

The topic of this course is basic hospital operations and patient care.

Fundamental theories in nursing will be discussed. Students will get an introduction to hospital departments, the characteristics of different specialties, and the activities and roles of healthcare professions.

The course will cover patient admissions, reception, stays, treatment, discharge preparation, and preparation for examinations and operations. Also covered is patient care following operations, complications, and complication prevention. 

Students will learn about caring for patients with neurological, metabolic, cardiopulmonary, urological, gastrointestinal, or joint diseases, as well as cancer care. Also nursing care of children and the specific needs of children.

The course will also discuss patient's safety needs and social needs, together with the care of family members. Confidentiality and patients' rights will be introduced, along with correct body posture and work techniques when caring for and transporting patients.

The course is divided into three parts: scientific/data literacy, presentation of scientific data, and teamwork.

I. Teamwork

An overview of the basic methods and tools of quality management. Teamwork will be discussed and applied.

II. Presentation of scientific data

The basic methods for writing scientific articles and reports, and preparing and giving presentations. Data base search and reference management software will be covered. Students will apply these methods and tools on assignments.

III. Scientific / data literacy

An overview of statistics and the origin of data. Graphical representation of data and data distribution types. Confidence intervals. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. An overview of study design, and sampling as a representation of a population. Risk factors, risk, and relative risk. Interpretation of research results for an individual. Interpretation of research results in scientific papers and assessment of possible error sources.

The course requires active participation. The material will be covered in lectures. Methods and tools are trained in tutorials and with assignments that are delivered in speech and/or writing.

Lectures. Cardiovascular-, respiratory-, renal- and gastrointestinal physiology. Energy balance and control of metabolism and physiology of reproduction.

Practical lesson. Cardiovascular system. Participation is obligatory, lab report must be submitted, and online exam taken.

Project lessons. Twice during the course. Participation is obligatory

Partial exams. Three online partial exams will be applied. Students will be informed in more details at the beginning of the course. 

The course is especially aimed at students on their first year of studies in disciplines within the field of health sciences. The joint Health science day is for incoming students of all faculties at the School of Health Sciences in January each year. The main topic is interdisciplinary cooperation and its importance. All basic factors of cooperation will be covered such as the common view on the right to good health, communication and ethics. Furthermore, the role and responsibility of health sciences.

The course consists of two main parts, microbiology and infection control. These parts are intergraded and provide the basis for knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of different pathogens and their relations to infectious diseases and the methods you can use for prevention of nosocomial or healthcare-associated infections.

Teaching/learning procedures:
In the teaching is based on lectures and includes following parts:

1. Microbiology – basics
2. Microbiology – species/groups
3. Bacterial infections in diverse organs and organ systems and major species in healthcare associated infections.
4. Infection control

This course will cover the basics of ultrasound imaging such as physics of sound waves, properties of reflection from major tissues and main processing methods and their use. Also, the functionality of the ultrasound equipment will be introduced in detail along with discussion of the importance of image quality, its improvement and impact factors.

Carotid artery is the main subject with introduction to cardiovascular ultrasound.  The anatomy of the carotid artery along with the surrounding tissues and their appearance in ultrasound images will be described.  Students learn to recognize and identify the normal appearance of the carotid artery in ultrasound images and also identify and recognize common abnormalities and major manifestations.  Students are given tasks where they perform ultrasound imaging of the common carotid artery and process their results.

Students receive training in performing general X-ray examinations. Receive training in contrast material handling and needle placement. Receive training in performing simple CT scans.

General introduction of common radiographic equipment and short overview of the history of radiographic imaging.  Introduction of equipment for mammography, tomography, dental radiography and veterinary use.

Basic properties of digital images. Pixels, their size and depth; monochrome and color images, greyscale and different color models.  Image file formats and compression.  Contrast- and spatial resolution.  Fundamentals of digital image processing: look-up-tables and spatial filtering. Image quality and visual perception.

Quality, quantity and geometry of an x-ray beam; effect on image quality.  The primary X-ray image.  Scatter grids and compensation filters.  Appropriate exposure; timers and automatic exposure control, exposure indices, exposure factors and charts.

Digital image receptors; flat panel detectors and computed radiography.  Basic construction, function, sensitivity and resolution.  Image artefacts and the effects of image processing on image quality.

Students are required to participate in group work and practical exercises.

The course aims to strengthen students' independent thinking. We will discuss how best to discuss ethical problems and analyze ethical arguments. Common theories in ethics will also be discussed critically. Awareness of the principles underlying human relations and behaviours will be covered as well as the Code of Ethics for Radiologists.

First aid training.

History and development of CM.
Classification of CM.
Chemistry of CM.
Effects on CM on various body systems.
Indications and contraindication.
Patient risk groups and possible adverse reactions.
Acute and allergic reactions.
Pharmacology and drug effects.

The structure and major components of magnetic resonance imaging equipment. Fundamental mathematics and physics of MRI. Magnetization of the body, the fundamentals of imaging and image reconstruction in MRI. MRI hardware and how individual components work. Overview of pulse sequences, rapid imaging, image quality and image artifacts. Pulse sequence for angiography and the use of contrast agents. Investigations of different parts of the body, patient preparation and patient care. Diseases seen in MRI. MRI safety. 

Basic principles of computed tomography (CT), from x-ray beam attenuation to radiation detection, image reconstruction and display. The main factors affecting quality of CT examinations, in data acquisition as well as image reconstruction. Processing and visualization of images. CT examination procedures, contrast media, positioning and parameter selection.

Students are trained in radiographic positioning and procedures. Emphasis is placed on performing CT examinations, pediatric radiography and fluoroscopy.

• Students are introduced to sectional anatomical plans - The appearance and characteristics of organs and organ systems in cross-section and other plans are discussed.

• Students are introduced to sectional anatomy and where they can look to review and gain more knowledge.

• The sectional anatomy will be reviewed as follows: sectional plans and review of bones, abdomen, thorax, spine, head and limbs.

• The course is mostly self-study with continuous assessment.

Fluoroscopy and intervention:  Equipment, techniques and radiation protection of patients and workers.

Equipment for measuring radiation dose and different methods for estimating effective dose.  

Variation in effective doses and diagnostic reference levels.

Students are required to participate in group work and practical exercises.

In all imaging departments, radiographers carry out medical imaging examinations and interventional procedures. It is important that radiologists, who carry out research, practice professional practices and show respect and devotion to their clients.

The aim of the course is to teach students to look at X-ray images while considering the correct projection, the most common abnormalities and the main diseases. Students are taught settings and how to see faults in projection and correct them.

Students learn about accident and emergency imaging performed outside of imaging departments. Students learn about the importance of professional and good communication with patients and colleagues. 

Execute general radiography examination. Emphasis is on training in angiography and MRI examination and procedures.

The course constitutes a practical guide to the preparation of a health-related research study. Modules include: reference search and handling, development of hypotheses, creation of a systematic critical review within chosen field of research, development and presentation of research proposals.

The course provide students knowledge of useful statistical methods appropriate for their  project. The student also prepare and apply for a license according to their research.

The course is for graduate students who have chosen a field/research question for their dissertation project.

.

Radioactivity, handling of radioactive material, examinations and imaging with gamma rays.

Radioactivity, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, decay and half-life.

An overview of production, transport, inventory and disposal of radioactive materials. Laws and regulations, with an emphasis on open radiation sources. Radionuclide generators, facilities, work practices and radiation protection. Handling, radiopharmacy and quality control of isotopes and carriers. Imaging with a gamma camera.

Diagnostic imaging with technetium, and other gamma-emitting substances, of the digestive system, urinary system, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system.

MRI course, part II: The aim of the course is to enhance the students knowledge of the basic physics of MRI introduced in part I of the MRI course (previous semester) and to associate the physics of MRI to clinical applications. The course consists of the following items:

• Pulse sequences and image contrast
• Tissue relaxation properties together with tissue proton density and appearance on images
• Historical developments in clinical MRI applications
• Examinations of organs and body-systems based on applications, indications, pathology and diagnosis. Includes central nervous system, muscular-skeletal system, thorax, heart and vasculature.
• Contrast agents in MRI: Types, indications for use and applications
• MRI safety

Clinical use of CT, indications and pathology in which CT examinations are most useful. Basic examinations of head, neck, spine, abdomen, and thorax. Radiation protection of patient and personnel related to CT examinations, radiation dose measurements and estimation of effective doses. Specific consideration for children and pregnant women.

The role of CT in nuclear medicine, CT angiographies and intervention.

Students select their own field of study in radiography and supply their knowledge in the field. Students work on a final paper according to their interest under supervision and present the results.

Clinical training in medical imaging department. Training in general radiographic examinations procedures. Emphasis is on nuclear medicine and MRI examinations.

This course aims for the student to gain an overview of the main diseases in the following categories:

Cardiology,orthopedics (injuries and cold orthopedia), lung diseases, gastroenterology, neptrology,infectionous diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases, brain and nervous diseases. Psychiatric and ear and throat. Normal apperance in X-ray, deviation, indications and contraindications. Diagnostic imaging.

Basic principles of general chemistry, balancing equations, nomenclature, molar calculations, solubility, concentration.  Basic principles of quantum chemistry, the atomic structure as a base for chemical properties and their reactions. Electron configuration and formation of chemical bonds. Basic introduction to theories of chemical bonding and molecular geometry and intermolecular forces. Basic principles of organic chemistry, nomenclature of organic compounds and functional groups.  Organic polymers.

Teaching and learning activities:
Lectures, problem solving and homework.

Introduction to the history of medical imaging, from W.C. Röntgen's discoveries to modern technological advancements. The role, activities and obligations of Radiographers in the health care system. Field trips to Radiology Departments.

Introduction to radiation physics, radiation protection and medical imaging. Atoms, photons, electrons, magnetism and electromagnetic radiation, with a focus on x-rays. How x-rays are generated. Gamma radiation, radioactivity and half-life.

Lectures and home assignments based on material from the textbook.

Students introduced to the basic applications of physics in health sciences. Example solutions to problems related to forces, motion, energy, etc., which will allow students to pursue further study and work in the health sciences.

Physics: Motion. Forces, Newton's law. Work, energy and power. Degree of heat, heat transport and thermodynamics. Hydrodynamics. Electrical forces and fields. Electricity, voltage and circuit. Magnetic field. Optics.

Lectures and electronic assignments based on the textbook material.

Students receive instruction in the research technique used in performing general X-ray studies.

Students learn to view X-rays with respect to proper insertion, the most common variations and major diseases. The major tips and contraindications for X-ray studies will be discussed. The key concepts and word-of-speech radiologists will be discussed.

Students learn the importance of good communication.

Anatomical methodology and descriptive terms. Terms of orientation with reference to the anatomical position. Fundamental principles of human body structure. Origins of the human body (embryology). Structure and function of the cell. Tissues.
Locomotor system. Nervous system. Cardiovascular system. Respiratory system. Lymphatic system. Digestive system. Urinary system. Endocrine system. Muscular system. Sensory systems. Reproductive system. Immune system. Hormonal system.

Lectures: Topics, concepts and methods in biochemistry and cell biology. Genetic material, genome and genes, DNA replication and DNA metabolism. RNA, gene expression, transcription and protein translation. Proteins and enzymes. Metabolism of nucleotides, carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. Nutrition, bioenergetics.  Construction and properties of the cell membrane, membrane transport, cell organelles and intracellular transport, cell communication (signaling), the cytoskeleton, cell cyle, cell death and cell division.

Laboratory practicals: Pipettes og measuring techniques, spectrometry in enzymology, isolation of proteins and determination of protein concentration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzyme kinetics.

Lectures: Homeostasis and control systems. Electrophysiology: membrane potentials and conduction. Endocrinology and nervous systems. Sensory physiology. Muscles: skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.

The use of radiation in the beginning of the century, radiation injuries. Methods of radiation detection and measurements. Biological effects of radiation on adults, children and foetus. Stochastic and non-stochastic effects of radiation. Carcinogenesis and hereditary effects. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), justification, optimisation and limitation principles. Radiation protection of the workers and patients in diagnostic radiology. Acts and regulations concerning radiation protection. Background radiation, man-made radiation.

Energy spectrum of x-rays and attenuation in matter. Emphasis on how x-rays interact with matter, attenuation coefficients, half-value layers and factors that affect beam attenuation. Scatter radiation, radiation dose, and effective dose. Basic foundation of measurement of ionizing radiation and one practical exercise.

Lectures and a practical exercise related to the lecture material, which will require active participation from students.

Students receive instruction in the research technique used in performing general X-ray studies of musculoskeletal, chest and abdominal.

Students learn to view X-rays with respect to proper insertion, the most common variations and major diseases of the musculoskeletal, breast and abdominal conditions. The major tips and contraindications for X-ray studies will be discussed. The key concepts and word-of-speech radiologists will be discussed.

Students learn the importance of good communication.

The students learn to perform the basics examinations of the skeleton and lungs.

The topic of this course is basic hospital operations and patient care.

Fundamental theories in nursing will be discussed. Students will get an introduction to hospital departments, the characteristics of different specialties, and the activities and roles of healthcare professions.

The course will cover patient admissions, reception, stays, treatment, discharge preparation, and preparation for examinations and operations. Also covered is patient care following operations, complications, and complication prevention. 

Students will learn about caring for patients with neurological, metabolic, cardiopulmonary, urological, gastrointestinal, or joint diseases, as well as cancer care. Also nursing care of children and the specific needs of children.

The course will also discuss patient's safety needs and social needs, together with the care of family members. Confidentiality and patients' rights will be introduced, along with correct body posture and work techniques when caring for and transporting patients.

The course is divided into three parts: scientific/data literacy, presentation of scientific data, and teamwork.

I. Teamwork

An overview of the basic methods and tools of quality management. Teamwork will be discussed and applied.

II. Presentation of scientific data

The basic methods for writing scientific articles and reports, and preparing and giving presentations. Data base search and reference management software will be covered. Students will apply these methods and tools on assignments.

III. Scientific / data literacy

An overview of statistics and the origin of data. Graphical representation of data and data distribution types. Confidence intervals. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. An overview of study design, and sampling as a representation of a population. Risk factors, risk, and relative risk. Interpretation of research results for an individual. Interpretation of research results in scientific papers and assessment of possible error sources.

The course requires active participation. The material will be covered in lectures. Methods and tools are trained in tutorials and with assignments that are delivered in speech and/or writing.

Lectures. Cardiovascular-, respiratory-, renal- and gastrointestinal physiology. Energy balance and control of metabolism and physiology of reproduction.

Practical lesson. Cardiovascular system. Participation is obligatory, lab report must be submitted, and online exam taken.

Project lessons. Twice during the course. Participation is obligatory

Partial exams. Three online partial exams will be applied. Students will be informed in more details at the beginning of the course. 

The course is especially aimed at students on their first year of studies in disciplines within the field of health sciences. The joint Health science day is for incoming students of all faculties at the School of Health Sciences in January each year. The main topic is interdisciplinary cooperation and its importance. All basic factors of cooperation will be covered such as the common view on the right to good health, communication and ethics. Furthermore, the role and responsibility of health sciences.

The course consists of two main parts, microbiology and infection control. These parts are intergraded and provide the basis for knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of different pathogens and their relations to infectious diseases and the methods you can use for prevention of nosocomial or healthcare-associated infections.

Teaching/learning procedures:
In the teaching is based on lectures and includes following parts:

1. Microbiology – basics
2. Microbiology – species/groups
3. Bacterial infections in diverse organs and organ systems and major species in healthcare associated infections.
4. Infection control

This course will cover the basics of ultrasound imaging such as physics of sound waves, properties of reflection from major tissues and main processing methods and their use. Also, the functionality of the ultrasound equipment will be introduced in detail along with discussion of the importance of image quality, its improvement and impact factors.

Carotid artery is the main subject with introduction to cardiovascular ultrasound.  The anatomy of the carotid artery along with the surrounding tissues and their appearance in ultrasound images will be described.  Students learn to recognize and identify the normal appearance of the carotid artery in ultrasound images and also identify and recognize common abnormalities and major manifestations.  Students are given tasks where they perform ultrasound imaging of the common carotid artery and process their results.

Students receive training in performing general X-ray examinations. Receive training in contrast material handling and needle placement. Receive training in performing simple CT scans.

General introduction of common radiographic equipment and short overview of the history of radiographic imaging.  Introduction of equipment for mammography, tomography, dental radiography and veterinary use.

Basic properties of digital images. Pixels, their size and depth; monochrome and color images, greyscale and different color models.  Image file formats and compression.  Contrast- and spatial resolution.  Fundamentals of digital image processing: look-up-tables and spatial filtering. Image quality and visual perception.

Quality, quantity and geometry of an x-ray beam; effect on image quality.  The primary X-ray image.  Scatter grids and compensation filters.  Appropriate exposure; timers and automatic exposure control, exposure indices, exposure factors and charts.

Digital image receptors; flat panel detectors and computed radiography.  Basic construction, function, sensitivity and resolution.  Image artefacts and the effects of image processing on image quality.

Students are required to participate in group work and practical exercises.

The course aims to strengthen students' independent thinking. We will discuss how best to discuss ethical problems and analyze ethical arguments. Common theories in ethics will also be discussed critically. Awareness of the principles underlying human relations and behaviours will be covered as well as the Code of Ethics for Radiologists.

First aid training.

History and development of CM.
Classification of CM.
Chemistry of CM.
Effects on CM on various body systems.
Indications and contraindication.
Patient risk groups and possible adverse reactions.
Acute and allergic reactions.
Pharmacology and drug effects.

The structure and major components of magnetic resonance imaging equipment. Fundamental mathematics and physics of MRI. Magnetization of the body, the fundamentals of imaging and image reconstruction in MRI. MRI hardware and how individual components work. Overview of pulse sequences, rapid imaging, image quality and image artifacts. Pulse sequence for angiography and the use of contrast agents. Investigations of different parts of the body, patient preparation and patient care. Diseases seen in MRI. MRI safety. 

Basic principles of computed tomography (CT), from x-ray beam attenuation to radiation detection, image reconstruction and display. The main factors affecting quality of CT examinations, in data acquisition as well as image reconstruction. Processing and visualization of images. CT examination procedures, contrast media, positioning and parameter selection.

Students are trained in radiographic positioning and procedures. Emphasis is placed on performing CT examinations, pediatric radiography and fluoroscopy.

• Students are introduced to sectional anatomical plans - The appearance and characteristics of organs and organ systems in cross-section and other plans are discussed.

• Students are introduced to sectional anatomy and where they can look to review and gain more knowledge.

• The sectional anatomy will be reviewed as follows: sectional plans and review of bones, abdomen, thorax, spine, head and limbs.

• The course is mostly self-study with continuous assessment.

Fluoroscopy and intervention:  Equipment, techniques and radiation protection of patients and workers.

Equipment for measuring radiation dose and different methods for estimating effective dose.  

Variation in effective doses and diagnostic reference levels.

Students are required to participate in group work and practical exercises.

In all imaging departments, radiographers carry out medical imaging examinations and interventional procedures. It is important that radiologists, who carry out research, practice professional practices and show respect and devotion to their clients.

The aim of the course is to teach students to look at X-ray images while considering the correct projection, the most common abnormalities and the main diseases. Students are taught settings and how to see faults in projection and correct them.

Students learn about accident and emergency imaging performed outside of imaging departments. Students learn about the importance of professional and good communication with patients and colleagues. 

Execute general radiography examination. Emphasis is on training in angiography and MRI examination and procedures.

The course constitutes a practical guide to the preparation of a health-related research study. Modules include: reference search and handling, development of hypotheses, creation of a systematic critical review within chosen field of research, development and presentation of research proposals.

The course provide students knowledge of useful statistical methods appropriate for their  project. The student also prepare and apply for a license according to their research.

The course is for graduate students who have chosen a field/research question for their dissertation project.

.

Radioactivity, handling of radioactive material, examinations and imaging with gamma rays.

Radioactivity, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, decay and half-life.

An overview of production, transport, inventory and disposal of radioactive materials. Laws and regulations, with an emphasis on open radiation sources. Radionuclide generators, facilities, work practices and radiation protection. Handling, radiopharmacy and quality control of isotopes and carriers. Imaging with a gamma camera.

Diagnostic imaging with technetium, and other gamma-emitting substances, of the digestive system, urinary system, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system.

MRI course, part II: The aim of the course is to enhance the students knowledge of the basic physics of MRI introduced in part I of the MRI course (previous semester) and to associate the physics of MRI to clinical applications. The course consists of the following items:

• Pulse sequences and image contrast
• Tissue relaxation properties together with tissue proton density and appearance on images
• Historical developments in clinical MRI applications
• Examinations of organs and body-systems based on applications, indications, pathology and diagnosis. Includes central nervous system, muscular-skeletal system, thorax, heart and vasculature.
• Contrast agents in MRI: Types, indications for use and applications
• MRI safety

Clinical use of CT, indications and pathology in which CT examinations are most useful. Basic examinations of head, neck, spine, abdomen, and thorax. Radiation protection of patient and personnel related to CT examinations, radiation dose measurements and estimation of effective doses. Specific consideration for children and pregnant women.

The role of CT in nuclear medicine, CT angiographies and intervention.

Students select their own field of study in radiography and supply their knowledge in the field. Students work on a final paper according to their interest under supervision and present the results.

Clinical training in medical imaging department. Training in general radiographic examinations procedures. Emphasis is on nuclear medicine and MRI examinations.

This course aims for the student to gain an overview of the main diseases in the following categories:

Cardiology,orthopedics (injuries and cold orthopedia), lung diseases, gastroenterology, neptrology,infectionous diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases, brain and nervous diseases. Psychiatric and ear and throat. Normal apperance in X-ray, deviation, indications and contraindications. Diagnostic imaging.

Basic principles of general chemistry, balancing equations, nomenclature, molar calculations, solubility, concentration.  Basic principles of quantum chemistry, the atomic structure as a base for chemical properties and their reactions. Electron configuration and formation of chemical bonds. Basic introduction to theories of chemical bonding and molecular geometry and intermolecular forces. Basic principles of organic chemistry, nomenclature of organic compounds and functional groups.  Organic polymers.

Teaching and learning activities:
Lectures, problem solving and homework.

Introduction to the history of medical imaging, from W.C. Röntgen's discoveries to modern technological advancements. The role, activities and obligations of Radiographers in the health care system. Field trips to Radiology Departments.

Introduction to radiation physics, radiation protection and medical imaging. Atoms, photons, electrons, magnetism and electromagnetic radiation, with a focus on x-rays. How x-rays are generated. Gamma radiation, radioactivity and half-life.

Lectures and home assignments based on material from the textbook.

Students introduced to the basic applications of physics in health sciences. Example solutions to problems related to forces, motion, energy, etc., which will allow students to pursue further study and work in the health sciences.

Physics: Motion. Forces, Newton's law. Work, energy and power. Degree of heat, heat transport and thermodynamics. Hydrodynamics. Electrical forces and fields. Electricity, voltage and circuit. Magnetic field. Optics.

Lectures and electronic assignments based on the textbook material.

Students receive instruction in the research technique used in performing general X-ray studies.

Students learn to view X-rays with respect to proper insertion, the most common variations and major diseases. The major tips and contraindications for X-ray studies will be discussed. The key concepts and word-of-speech radiologists will be discussed.

Students learn the importance of good communication.

Anatomical methodology and descriptive terms. Terms of orientation with reference to the anatomical position. Fundamental principles of human body structure. Origins of the human body (embryology). Structure and function of the cell. Tissues.
Locomotor system. Nervous system. Cardiovascular system. Respiratory system. Lymphatic system. Digestive system. Urinary system. Endocrine system. Muscular system. Sensory systems. Reproductive system. Immune system. Hormonal system.

Lectures: Topics, concepts and methods in biochemistry and cell biology. Genetic material, genome and genes, DNA replication and DNA metabolism. RNA, gene expression, transcription and protein translation. Proteins and enzymes. Metabolism of nucleotides, carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids. Nutrition, bioenergetics.  Construction and properties of the cell membrane, membrane transport, cell organelles and intracellular transport, cell communication (signaling), the cytoskeleton, cell cyle, cell death and cell division.

Laboratory practicals: Pipettes og measuring techniques, spectrometry in enzymology, isolation of proteins and determination of protein concentration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), enzyme kinetics.

Lectures: Homeostasis and control systems. Electrophysiology: membrane potentials and conduction. Endocrinology and nervous systems. Sensory physiology. Muscles: skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.

The use of radiation in the beginning of the century, radiation injuries. Methods of radiation detection and measurements. Biological effects of radiation on adults, children and foetus. Stochastic and non-stochastic effects of radiation. Carcinogenesis and hereditary effects. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), justification, optimisation and limitation principles. Radiation protection of the workers and patients in diagnostic radiology. Acts and regulations concerning radiation protection. Background radiation, man-made radiation.

Energy spectrum of x-rays and attenuation in matter. Emphasis on how x-rays interact with matter, attenuation coefficients, half-value layers and factors that affect beam attenuation. Scatter radiation, radiation dose, and effective dose. Basic foundation of measurement of ionizing radiation and one practical exercise.

Lectures and a practical exercise related to the lecture material, which will require active participation from students.

Students receive instruction in the research technique used in performing general X-ray studies of musculoskeletal, chest and abdominal.

Students learn to view X-rays with respect to proper insertion, the most common variations and major diseases of the musculoskeletal, breast and abdominal conditions. The major tips and contraindications for X-ray studies will be discussed. The key concepts and word-of-speech radiologists will be discussed.

Students learn the importance of good communication.

The students learn to perform the basics examinations of the skeleton and lungs.

The topic of this course is basic hospital operations and patient care.

Fundamental theories in nursing will be discussed. Students will get an introduction to hospital departments, the characteristics of different specialties, and the activities and roles of healthcare professions.

The course will cover patient admissions, reception, stays, treatment, discharge preparation, and preparation for examinations and operations. Also covered is patient care following operations, complications, and complication prevention. 

Students will learn about caring for patients with neurological, metabolic, cardiopulmonary, urological, gastrointestinal, or joint diseases, as well as cancer care. Also nursing care of children and the specific needs of children.

The course will also discuss patient's safety needs and social needs, together with the care of family members. Confidentiality and patients' rights will be introduced, along with correct body posture and work techniques when caring for and transporting patients.

The course is divided into three parts: scientific/data literacy, presentation of scientific data, and teamwork.

I. Teamwork

An overview of the basic methods and tools of quality management. Teamwork will be discussed and applied.

II. Presentation of scientific data

The basic methods for writing scientific articles and reports, and preparing and giving presentations. Data base search and reference management software will be covered. Students will apply these methods and tools on assignments.

III. Scientific / data literacy

An overview of statistics and the origin of data. Graphical representation of data and data distribution types. Confidence intervals. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. An overview of study design, and sampling as a representation of a population. Risk factors, risk, and relative risk. Interpretation of research results for an individual. Interpretation of research results in scientific papers and assessment of possible error sources.

The course requires active participation. The material will be covered in lectures. Methods and tools are trained in tutorials and with assignments that are delivered in speech and/or writing.

Lectures. Cardiovascular-, respiratory-, renal- and gastrointestinal physiology. Energy balance and control of metabolism and physiology of reproduction.

Practical lesson. Cardiovascular system. Participation is obligatory, lab report must be submitted, and online exam taken.

Project lessons. Twice during the course. Participation is obligatory

Partial exams. Three online partial exams will be applied. Students will be informed in more details at the beginning of the course. 

The course is especially aimed at students on their first year of studies in disciplines within the field of health sciences. The joint Health science day is for incoming students of all faculties at the School of Health Sciences in January each year. The main topic is interdisciplinary cooperation and its importance. All basic factors of cooperation will be covered such as the common view on the right to good health, communication and ethics. Furthermore, the role and responsibility of health sciences.

The course consists of two main parts, microbiology and infection control. These parts are intergraded and provide the basis for knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of different pathogens and their relations to infectious diseases and the methods you can use for prevention of nosocomial or healthcare-associated infections.

Teaching/learning procedures:
In the teaching is based on lectures and includes following parts:

1. Microbiology – basics
2. Microbiology – species/groups
3. Bacterial infections in diverse organs and organ systems and major species in healthcare associated infections.
4. Infection control

This course will cover the basics of ultrasound imaging such as physics of sound waves, properties of reflection from major tissues and main processing methods and their use. Also, the functionality of the ultrasound equipment will be introduced in detail along with discussion of the importance of image quality, its improvement and impact factors.

Carotid artery is the main subject with introduction to cardiovascular ultrasound.  The anatomy of the carotid artery along with the surrounding tissues and their appearance in ultrasound images will be described.  Students learn to recognize and identify the normal appearance of the carotid artery in ultrasound images and also identify and recognize common abnormalities and major manifestations.  Students are given tasks where they perform ultrasound imaging of the common carotid artery and process their results.

Students receive training in performing general X-ray examinations. Receive training in contrast material handling and needle placement. Receive training in performing simple CT scans.

General introduction of common radiographic equipment and short overview of the history of radiographic imaging.  Introduction of equipment for mammography, tomography, dental radiography and veterinary use.

Basic properties of digital images. Pixels, their size and depth; monochrome and color images, greyscale and different color models.  Image file formats and compression.  Contrast- and spatial resolution.  Fundamentals of digital image processing: look-up-tables and spatial filtering. Image quality and visual perception.

Quality, quantity and geometry of an x-ray beam; effect on image quality.  The primary X-ray image.  Scatter grids and compensation filters.  Appropriate exposure; timers and automatic exposure control, exposure indices, exposure factors and charts.

Digital image receptors; flat panel detectors and computed radiography.  Basic construction, function, sensitivity and resolution.  Image artefacts and the effects of image processing on image quality.

Students are required to participate in group work and practical exercises.

The course aims to strengthen students' independent thinking. We will discuss how best to discuss ethical problems and analyze ethical arguments. Common theories in ethics will also be discussed critically. Awareness of the principles underlying human relations and behaviours will be covered as well as the Code of Ethics for Radiologists.

First aid training.

History and development of CM.
Classification of CM.
Chemistry of CM.
Effects on CM on various body systems.
Indications and contraindication.
Patient risk groups and possible adverse reactions.
Acute and allergic reactions.
Pharmacology and drug effects.

The structure and major components of magnetic resonance imaging equipment. Fundamental mathematics and physics of MRI. Magnetization of the body, the fundamentals of imaging and image reconstruction in MRI. MRI hardware and how individual components work. Overview of pulse sequences, rapid imaging, image quality and image artifacts. Pulse sequence for angiography and the use of contrast agents. Investigations of different parts of the body, patient preparation and patient care. Diseases seen in MRI. MRI safety. 

Basic principles of computed tomography (CT), from x-ray beam attenuation to radiation detection, image reconstruction and display. The main factors affecting quality of CT examinations, in data acquisition as well as image reconstruction. Processing and visualization of images. CT examination procedures, contrast media, positioning and parameter selection.

Students are trained in radiographic positioning and procedures. Emphasis is placed on performing CT examinations, pediatric radiography and fluoroscopy.

• Students are introduced to sectional anatomical plans - The appearance and characteristics of organs and organ systems in cross-section and other plans are discussed.

• Students are introduced to sectional anatomy and where they can look to review and gain more knowledge.

• The sectional anatomy will be reviewed as follows: sectional plans and review of bones, abdomen, thorax, spine, head and limbs.

• The course is mostly self-study with continuous assessment.

Fluoroscopy and intervention:  Equipment, techniques and radiation protection of patients and workers.

Equipment for measuring radiation dose and different methods for estimating effective dose.  

Variation in effective doses and diagnostic reference levels.

Students are required to participate in group work and practical exercises.

In all imaging departments, radiographers carry out medical imaging examinations and interventional procedures. It is important that radiologists, who carry out research, practice professional practices and show respect and devotion to their clients.

The aim of the course is to teach students to look at X-ray images while considering the correct projection, the most common abnormalities and the main diseases. Students are taught settings and how to see faults in projection and correct them.

Students learn about accident and emergency imaging performed outside of imaging departments. Students learn about the importance of professional and good communication with patients and colleagues. 

Execute general radiography examination. Emphasis is on training in angiography and MRI examination and procedures.

The course constitutes a practical guide to the preparation of a health-related research study. Modules include: reference search and handling, development of hypotheses, creation of a systematic critical review within chosen field of research, development and presentation of research proposals.

The course provide students knowledge of useful statistical methods appropriate for their  project. The student also prepare and apply for a license according to their research.

The course is for graduate students who have chosen a field/research question for their dissertation project.

.

Radioactivity, handling of radioactive material, examinations and imaging with gamma rays.

Radioactivity, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, decay and half-life.

An overview of production, transport, inventory and disposal of radioactive materials. Laws and regulations, with an emphasis on open radiation sources. Radionuclide generators, facilities, work practices and radiation protection. Handling, radiopharmacy and quality control of isotopes and carriers. Imaging with a gamma camera.

Diagnostic imaging with technetium, and other gamma-emitting substances, of the digestive system, urinary system, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system.

MRI course, part II: The aim of the course is to enhance the students knowledge of the basic physics of MRI introduced in part I of the MRI course (previous semester) and to associate the physics of MRI to clinical applications. The course consists of the following items:

• Pulse sequences and image contrast
• Tissue relaxation properties together with tissue proton density and appearance on images
• Historical developments in clinical MRI applications
• Examinations of organs and body-systems based on applications, indications, pathology and diagnosis. Includes central nervous system, muscular-skeletal system, thorax, heart and vasculature.
• Contrast agents in MRI: Types, indications for use and applications
• MRI safety

Clinical use of CT, indications and pathology in which CT examinations are most useful. Basic examinations of head, neck, spine, abdomen, and thorax. Radiation protection of patient and personnel related to CT examinations, radiation dose measurements and estimation of effective doses. Specific consideration for children and pregnant women.

The role of CT in nuclear medicine, CT angiographies and intervention.

Students select their own field of study in radiography and supply their knowledge in the field. Students work on a final paper according to their interest under supervision and present the results.

Clinical training in medical imaging department. Training in general radiographic examinations procedures. Emphasis is on nuclear medicine and MRI examinations.

This course aims for the student to gain an overview of the main diseases in the following categories:

Cardiology,orthopedics (injuries and cold orthopedia), lung diseases, gastroenterology, neptrology,infectionous diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases, brain and nervous diseases. Psychiatric and ear and throat. Normal apperance in X-ray, deviation, indications and contraindications. Diagnostic imaging.